No.
The spec for the length property says:
The
lengthproperty of this Array object is a data property whose value is always numerically greater than the name of every deletable property whose name is an array index.
There cannot be -1 properties.
Also, and more explicitly, the spec for Array says:
Every
Arrayobject has alengthproperty whose value is always a nonnegative integer less than 232.
Update: Answer still holds for ES2020