I'm not entirely convinced that I like it, but this would be equivalent of Python's else. It eliminates the problem's identified with putting the success code at the end of the try block.
bool success = true; try { something(); } catch (Exception e) { success = false; // other exception handling } finally { if (success) { // equivalent of Python else goes here // putting this in a finally-block is especially // important if there is a return in the try-block } }