look towards isset and empty.
http://php.net/manual/fr/function.isset.php
http://php.net/manual/fr/function.empty.php
Edit : The comments below are true. Empty should be used for empty strings, not numeric values, float values or a zero in a string. However, here's a function if you need to accept these as valid values:
function is_blank($value) { return empty($value) && !is_numeric($value); }