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I'm having trouble understanding the concurrency model in Rust coming from C++.

My array is to be accessed concurrently using another array that defines the indices. For example (Pseudocode):

let indices = [1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 1, 3, 2, 2]; let mut arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10]; indices.iter_par().for_each(|x| { arr[x] += x; });

In C++, I would protect each index in arr with a lock or use atomic access. How could I do the same in Rust?

EDIT

I have another related question.

How could I pass a normal array as mutable into the parallel iterator, where I'm sure that no race conditions can occur?

let indices = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]; let mut arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]; indices.iter_par().for_each(|x| { arr[x] = some_function(x); });
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    "In C++ I would simply protect each index in arr with a lock or use atomic access. How could I do the same in rust?" - you can do the same in Rust with an array of Mutex<i32>s or AtomicI32s if that's what's required Commented Oct 19, 2020 at 8:10
  • The problem I have is the functionality of the mutex in rust. Unlike in C++, the rust mutex encapsulates the data it protects. I need seperate protection for arr for parallel access or something that emulates that. Making the entire array atomic is one possibility, but not the prefered one. Commented Oct 19, 2020 at 8:23
  • @Adam no, mutex and atomics provide interior mutability so you don't need to protect the array itself at all: Rust's borrow checker will not let you simulatnously read the array (to access or update its items) and update it (to add new items), so it's acting as a "static" RWLock. Though if you need something more complicated you can of course wrap the array in an RWLock working at runtime. Commented Oct 19, 2020 at 13:09
  • Though note that it would probably be a better idea to preprocess indices in order to count the number of increments at each index, then you could zip that to your array and use something like par_iter_mut in order to increment each index the correct number of times without needing any synchronisation in your own code. Commented Oct 19, 2020 at 13:14

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I don't know what the point of performing this operation in parallel is if you need lock for each item, but you can achieve this using a Mutex around the array to mutate:

use rayon::prelude::*; use std::sync::Mutex; fn main() { let indices = [1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 1, 3, 2, 2]; let arr = Mutex::new([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10]); indices.par_iter().for_each(|&x| { let mut arr = arr.lock().unwrap(); arr[x] += x; }); }

playground

EDIT

Based on the comment, you can have each element be atomic:

use rayon::prelude::*; use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering}; fn main() { let indices = [1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 1, 3, 2, 2]; let arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10] .iter() .map(|&n| AtomicUsize::new(n)) .collect::<Vec<_>>(); indices.par_iter().for_each(|&x| { arr[x].fetch_add(x, Ordering::SeqCst); }); }
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4 Comments

Thanks!, That is one possible solution. Is there another way using something like an array of locks?
Yes, like I mapped each array element to AtomicUsize, you can do the same for Mutex and then inside the loop you can take the lock on individual elements: *arr[x].lock().unwrap() += x
If you like living dangerously, you can type-pun that array with a slice to save the map+collect. This is not sound on platforms where AtomicUsize has stricter alignment than usize (I'm not aware of any such platform, but they may exist). It's also easy to screw up because the pointer casts won't tell you if the types are inferred wrong (you get UB if you remove the : [usize; 9], for example). On the whole this is a bad idea and I'm not sure why I am suggesting it.
(However, given Atomic*::from_mut just got merged (again), maybe we can hope for a future where there is an AtomicUsize::from_mut_slice that avoids these pitfalls and lets you do the zero-copy version in entirely safe code.)

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