If, for some reason, you don't want to (or can't) run a .click() on the checkbox element, you can simply change its value directly via its .checked property (an IDL attribute of <input type="checkbox">).
Note that doing so does not fire the normally related event (change) so you'll need to manually fire it to have a complete solution that works with any related event handlers.
Here's a functional example in raw javascript (ES6):
class ButtonCheck { constructor() { let ourCheckBox = null; this.ourCheckBox = document.querySelector('#checkboxID'); let checkBoxButton = null; this.checkBoxButton = document.querySelector('#checkboxID+button[aria-label="checkboxID"]'); let checkEvent = new Event('change'); this.checkBoxButton.addEventListener('click', function() { let checkBox = this.ourCheckBox; //toggle the checkbox: invert its state! checkBox.checked = !checkBox.checked; //let other things know the checkbox changed checkBox.dispatchEvent(checkEvent); }.bind(this), true); this.eventHandler = function(e) { document.querySelector('.checkboxfeedback').insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', '<br />Event occurred on checkbox! Type: ' + e.type + ' checkbox state now: ' + this.ourCheckBox.checked); } //demonstration: we will see change events regardless of whether the checkbox is clicked or the button this.ourCheckBox.addEventListener('change', function(e) { this.eventHandler(e); }.bind(this), true); //demonstration: if we bind a click handler only to the checkbox, we only see clicks from the checkbox this.ourCheckBox.addEventListener('click', function(e) { this.eventHandler(e); }.bind(this), true); } } var init = function() { const checkIt = new ButtonCheck(); } if (document.readyState != 'loading') { init; } else { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', init); }<input type="checkbox" id="checkboxID" /> <button aria-label="checkboxID">Change the checkbox!</button> <div class="checkboxfeedback">No changes yet!</div>If you run this and click on both the checkbox and the button you should get a sense of how this works.
Note that I used document.querySelector for brevity/simplicity, but this could easily be built out to either have a given ID passed to the constructor, or it could apply to all buttons that act as aria-labels for a checkbox (note that I didn't bother setting an id on the button and giving the checkbox an aria-labelledby, which should be done if using this method) or any number of other ways to expand this. The last two addEventListeners are just to demo how it works.