To get the "display form" placement of the summation limits, you have to use the low-level option `LimitsPositioning -> False`. Since this is inconvenient to enter manually, I defined a keyboard shortcut <kbd>Esc</kbd>`sum`<kbd>Esc</kbd> to do this for you. I used a `TemplateBox` to define the shortcut, so that it creates a construct similar to what the existing shortcut <kbd>Esc</kbd>`sumt`<kbd>Esc</kbd> does. But I only include a single entry for the lower limit, and one more for the upper limit:
ClearAll[mySum]
inlineSumAppearance[x_, y_] :=
TemplateBox[{x, y}, "mySum", DisplayFunction :> (
UnderoverscriptBox["\[Sum]", #1, #2,
LimitsPositioning -> False] &),
InterpretationFunction :> (RowBox[{"mySum", "[",
RowBox[{#1, ",", #2}], "]"}] &)]
mySum /: MakeBoxes[mySum[n_, k_], StandardForm] :=
inlineSumAppearance[ToBoxes[n], ToBoxes[k]]
SetOptions[EvaluationNotebook[],
InputAliases ->
DeleteDuplicates@
Join[{"sum" ->
inlineSumAppearance["\[SelectionPlaceholder]",
"\[Placeholder]"]},
InputAliases /.
Quiet[Options[EvaluationNotebook[], InputAliases]] /.
InputAliases -> {}]]
Now you can create a text cell and type something, like this:
[![sum inline][1]][1]
Here, I entered the sum within an inline cell, by using the above shortcut.
I just saw that you may not need an upper limit. In that case, you could simplify my definition by omitting the overscript template:
ClearAll[mySimpleSum]
inlineSimpleSumAppearance[x_] :=
TemplateBox[{x}, "mySimpleSum", DisplayFunction :> (
UnderoverscriptBox["\[Sum]", #1, "",
LimitsPositioning -> False] &),
InterpretationFunction :> (RowBox[{"mySimpleSum", "[", #1, "]"}] &)]
mySimpleSum /: MakeBoxes[mySimpleSum[n_], StandardForm] :=
inlineSimpleSumAppearance[ToBoxes[n]]
SetOptions[EvaluationNotebook[],
InputAliases ->
DeleteDuplicates@
Join[{"ssum" ->
inlineSimpleSumAppearance["\[SelectionPlaceholder]"]},
InputAliases /.
Quiet[Options[EvaluationNotebook[], InputAliases]] /.
InputAliases -> {}]]
[![simple][2]][2]
This was entered using the shortcut <kbd>Esc</kbd>`ssum`<kbd>Esc</kbd>. These new shortcuts are valid in the current notebook, and they don't modify the behavior of the existing <kbd>Esc</kbd>`sumt`<kbd>Esc</kbd> (i.e., the built-in template will still adjust its indices when in inline mode).
The main ingredient here is the same as in this related question: [How to make underscript like underscript in InlineFormula of lim in Notebook and (inline) Latex](https://mathematica.stackexchange.com/q/28010/245).
[1]: https://i.sstatic.net/ilF6Q.png
[2]: https://i.sstatic.net/S9MIi.png