It seems that you really enjoy to torches people who are willing to help here ...Your code snippet without preamble, without newcommands\newcommands you use ... isn't very helpful, so the following MWE is based on guessing, how you actually generate provided picture:
\documentclass{article} \usepackage{tikz} \usetikzlibrary{calc,tikzmark} \usepackage\newcolumntype{booktabs,tabularxR}{>{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}X} \newcommand\Sq{\mathrm{Sq}} \usepackage{showframe} \begin{document} \begin{table} \centering \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{l*l>{2\setlength\hsize{0.4\hsize}$}R<{$} >{\raggedleft\arraybackslash$\setlength\hsize{0.2\hsize}X<}X >{\setlength\hsize{0.4\hsize}$}R<{$} } \toprule \multicolumn{1}{c}{Degree} & \multicolumn{12}{c}{$H^*(K(Z_2,n+1);Z_2)$} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$H^*H^*(K(Z,n);Z_2)$} \\ \midrule n & & \iota_n && \\ n+1 & \iota_{n+1} \tikzmark{a1} & && \\ n+2 & \Sq^1\iota_{n+1} \tikzmark{a2} & && \tikzmark{b1} \Sq^2\iota_n \\ &&\\ \addlinespace[1em] n+3 & \Sq^2\iota_{n+1} & && \tikzmark{b2} \Sq^3\iota_n \\ & \Sq^2\Sq^1\iota_{n+1} & && \\ &&\\ \addlinespace[1em] n+4 & \Sq^3\iota_{n+1} & && \Sq^4\iota_n \\ & \Sq^2\Sq^1\iota_{n+1} \tikzmark{a3} & && \\ &&\\ \addlinespace[1em] n+5 & \Sq^4\iota_{n+1} \tikzmark{a4} & && \tikzmark{b3} \Sq^5\iota_n \\ & \Sq^3\Sq^1\iota_{n+1} & && \\ &&\\ \addlinespace[1em] n+6 & \Sq^5\iota_{n+1} \tikzmark{a5} & && \Sq^6\iota_{n+1} \\ & \Sq^4\Sq^1\iota_{n+1} \tikzmark{a6} & && \tikzmark{b4} \Sq^4\Sq^2\iota_n \\ &&\\ \addlinespace[1em] n+7 & \Sq^6\iota_{n+1} \tikzmark{a7} & && \Sq^7\iota_n \\ & \Sq^5\Sq^1\iota_{n+1} & && \tikzmark{b5} \Sq^5\Sq^2\iota_n \\ & \Sq4\Sq^2\iota_{n+1} & && \\ &&\\ \addlinespace[1em] n+8 & \Sq^7\iota_{n+1} \tikzmark{a8} & && \Sq^8\iota_n \\ & \Sq^6\Sq^1\iota_{n+1} \tikzmark{a9} & && \tikzmark{b6} \Sq^6\Sq^2\iota_n \\ & \Sq^5\Sq^2\iota_{n+1} & && \\ & \Sq^4\Sq^2\Sq^1\iota_{n+1} \tikzmark{a10} &&& \\ &&\\ \addlinespace[1em] n+9 & \Sq^8\iota_{n+1} \tikzmark{a11} & && \tikzmark{b7} \Sq^9\iota_n \\ & \Sq^7\Sq^1\iota_{n+1} \tikzmark{a12} & && \tikzmark{b8} \Sq^7\Sq^2\iota_n \\ & \Sq^6\Sq^2\iota_{n+1} & && \tikzmark{b9} \Sq^6\Sq^3\iota_n \\ & \Sq^5\Sq^2\Sq^1\iota_{n+1} & && \\ &&\\ \addlinespace[1em] n+10 & \Sq^{9}\iota_{n+1} & && \Sq^{10}\iota_n \\ & \Sq^8\Sq^1\iota_{n+1} & && \tikzmark{b10} \Sq^8\Sq^2\iota_n \\ & \Sq^7\Sq^2\iota_{n+1} & && \tikzmark{b11} \Sq^7\Sq^3\iota_n \\ & \Sq^6\Sq^3\iota_{n+1} & && \\ & \Sq^6\Sq^2\Sq^1\iota_{n+1} & && \\ \bottomrule \end{tabularx} \begin{tikzpicture}[overlay, remember picture, shorten >=5pt, shorten <=5pt] \foreach \i/\j [count=\j from 0] in {1/1, 2/2...,12} 3/3, { 4/4, 5/5, 6/5, 7/6,\ifnum\i<6 \draw 8/7,[->] 9/8,(pic 10/9,cs:a\i) 11/10,-- 12/11}(pic cs:b\i); \else \draw [->] (pic cs:a\i) -- (pic cs:b\j); \fi } \end{tikzpicture} \label{default} \end{table} \end{document} Edit (1): I also improve TikZ code. Now is more consistent and concise.
Edit (2): After re-inspection of table code redesign a table. With added empty dummy column is obtained better centering columns heads.

