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I am looking to typeset the following table in booktabs:

stepped table of the HGCS

I am not sure how to get the steps highlighting the differences between the units in the image. The use of \cmidrule makes the horizontal rules, but leaves quite a bit of space in between the rules. If I then add \belowrulesep=0pt \aboverulesep=0pt, the spaces around the top, mid and bottom rules get messed up. How do I get tight spacing around \cmidrule, but not elsewhere?

Also, the only answer I find about using vertical rules in booktabs is 'don't use vertical rules', which is quite right in general. Still, I think vertical rules in this specific instance are justified. So how do I get these limited vertical rules?

This is what I tried so far:

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article} \usepackage{booktabs} \title{HGCS table} \begin{document} % \belowrulesep=0pt % \aboverulesep=0pt \begin{tabular}{lllllll} \toprule & ich & machen & dorf & das & apfel & pfund \\ \midrule 1 & ik & maken & dorp & dat & appel & pund \\\cmidrule{2-2} 2 & ich & maken & dorp & dat & appel & pund \\\cmidrule{3-3} 3 & ich & machen & dorp & dat & appel & pund \\\cmidrule{4-4} 4 & ich & machen & dorf & dat & appel & pund \\\cmidrule{5-5} 5 & ich & machen & dorf & das & appel & pund \\\cmidrule{6-6} 6 & ich & machen & dorf & das & apfel & pund \\\cmidrule{7-7} 7 & ich & machen & dorf & das & apfel & pfund \\ \bottomrule \end{tabular}% \end{document}
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    Unrelated: I am German and don't get it :) (not even the Low German) Commented May 29, 2018 at 9:27

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This seems to be close to the design you want to achieve:

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article} \usepackage{booktabs} \usepackage{array} \title{HGCS table} \begin{document} \setlength\extrarowheight{2pt} \begin{tabular}{lllllll} \toprule Dialects & \multicolumn{6}{c}{Lexical Items}\\\cmidrule{2-7} & ich & machen & dorf & das & apfel & pfund \\ \midrule Low German\\ 1 & ik & maken & dorp & dat & appel & pund \\\cline{2-2} 2 & ich & \multicolumn{1}{|l}{maken} & dorp & dat & appel & pund \\\cline{3-3} 3 & ich & machen & \multicolumn{1}{|l}{dorp} & dat & appel & pund \\\cline{4-4} Middle German & & & & \multicolumn{1}{|l}{}\\ 4 & ich & machen & dorf & \multicolumn{1}{|l}{dat} & appel & pund \\\cline{5-5} 5 & ich & machen & dorf & das & \multicolumn{1}{|l}{appel} & pund \\\cline{6-6} 6 & ich & machen & dorf & das & apfel & \multicolumn{1}{|l}{pund} \\\cline{7-7} High German \\ 7 & ich & machen & dorf & das & apfel & pfund \\ \bottomrule \end{tabular}% \end{document}

enter image description here

Instead of the rules from booktabs I have used normal \clines for the horizontal parts of the separating line. For the vertical parts, I have used the multicolumn command in order to add a | to the definition of the corresponding cells. In order to increase the vertical distance between the table rows, I have added \setlength\extrarowheight{2pt}.

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You can do that with {NiceTabular} of nicematrix.

This environment is similar to the classical environment {tabular} (of array) but constructs also PGF/Tikz nodes under the rows, columns and cells of the array. In the \CodeAfter, it's possible to use these nodes to draw whatever rule you want.

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article} \usepackage{booktabs} \usepackage{nicematrix,tikz} \title{HGCS table} \begin{document} \begin{NiceTabular}{lllllll} \toprule Dialects & \Block{1-*}{Lexical items} \\ \cmidrule{2-7} & ich & machen & dorf & das & apfel & pfund \\ \midrule Low German \\ 1. & ik & maken & dorp & dat & appel & pund \\ 2. & ich & maken & dorp & dat & appel & pund \\ 3. & ich & machen & dorp & dat & appel & pund \\ Middle German \\ 4. & ich & machen & dorf & dat & appel & pund \\ 5. & ich & machen & dorf & das & appel & pund \\ 6. & ich & machen & dorf & das & apfel & pund \\ High German \\ 7. & ich & machen & dorf & das & apfel & pfund \\ \bottomrule \CodeAfter \tikz \draw (5-|2) -| (6-|3) -| (7-|4) -| (9-|5) -| (10-|6) -| (11-|7) -- (11-|last) ; \end{NiceTabular} \end{document}

Output of the above code

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