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lang-bash
sh -c /path/to/programwill not run program as a shell script if it's missing the executable bits,sh /path/to/programwill.sh -c /path/to/programwill just open a shell and run/path/to/programas a command in that shell, which will fail if it's not executable.sh -c /path/to/programreads commands from/path/to/programas input to the shell. It does not require that the file have execute permission but it should be a shell scriptsh /path/to/programdoes that. Just tried that myself:echo echo hello world >abc.sh, thensh ./abc.shprintshello world, whilesh -c ./abc.shsayssh: ./abc.sh: Permission denied(which is the same as if you'd run./abc.shin the current shell directly.) Did I miss something? (Or maybe I didn't express myself well in the previous comment...)sh -c _something_is the same as just typing_something_at the command prompt, except for the spawning of the inferior shell. So you are correct that it will fail if missing the execute bit (as a file). On the other hand, you can provide a series of shell commands likesh -c "echo hello world"and it will work just fine. So it doesn't require that what you type have the execute bit (or even be a file), only that the shell interpreter can do something with it.