Here is one using bash specific P.E.P.E. parameter expansion.
file=35554842200284685106000166550020003504201637715423.xml Only mv for external tools
mv -v "$file" "${file:6}" Output
renamed '35554842200284685106000166550020003504201637715423.xml' -> '42200284685106000166550020003504201637715423.xml' Keeping the last 48 chars would be.
mv -v "$file" "${file:(-48)}"