This is getting to be a very long answer. I think maybe you want something more like this, where 1 through 12 (number of powers times number of seeds) are the unique values for each combination of power and seed, and could be an enumerated list of values rather than {1..12}? Note I'm linking power and seed rather than num and seed.
$ parallel --link echo {1} value {2} ::: "$(parallel echo power {1} seed {2} ::: {10..30..10} ::: {0..3})" ::: {1..12} | parallel -C' ' echo run-sim --power {1} --seed {2} --num {3} run-sim --power 10 --seed 0 value--num 1 run-sim --power 10 --seed 1 value--num 2 run-sim --power 10 --seed 2 value--num 3 run-sim --power 10 --seed 3 value--num 4 run-sim --power 20 --seed 0 value--num 5 run-sim --power 20 --seed 1 value--num 6 run-sim --power 20 --seed 2 value--num 7 run-sim --power 20 --seed 3 value--num 8 run-sim --power 30 --seed 0 value--num 9 run-sim --power 30 --seed 1 value--num 10 run-sim --power 30 --seed 2 value--num 11 run-sim --power 30 --seed 3 value--num 12