The second is to get the oops data, which, as you've noticed doesn't, doesn't go to any of the places you've mentioned. If the If the crash only happens only while running X11, I think local console is pretty much out (it's a pain anyway), so you need to do this over a serial console, over the network, or by saving to locala local disk (which is trickier than it may sound, because you don't want an untrustworthy kernel to corrupt your filesystem). Here Here are some ways to do this:
- use netdump to save to a server over the network. I haven't done this in years, so I'm not sure this software is still around and working with modern kernels, but it's easy enough that it's worth a shot.
- boot using a serial console (serial consolearchived version, current version); you'll need a serial port free on both machines (whether an old-school one or a USB serial adapter) and a null modem cable; you'd configure the other machine to save the output.
- kdump seems to be what the cool kids use nowadays, and seems quite flexible, although it wouldn't be my preference because it looks complex to set up. In short, it involves booting a different kernel that can do anything and inspect the former kernel's memory contents, but you have to essentially build the whole process and I don't see a lot of canned options out there. Update: There are some nice distro things, actually; on on Ubuntu, linux-crashdump (archived version, linux-crashdumpcurrent version).
Once you get the debug info, there's a tool called ksymoops ksymoops that(archived version, current version (with ads)) that you can use to turn turn the addresses into symbol names and and start getting an idea how your kernel crashed. And And if the symbolized dump doesn't mean anything to you, at at least this is something helpful to report report here or or perhaps on your Linux distribution's mailing list / bug tracker.
From crash on your crashdump, you you can try typing log and bt to get a bit more information (things logged logged during the panic and a stack backtraceback trace). Your Your Fatal Machine check seems to be coming from herehere, though. From skimming the code, your processor has reported a Machine Check Exception -Machine Check Exception – a hardware problem. Again Again, my first bet would be due to overclocking. It seems like there might be a more specific message in the log output which could tell you more.
Also from that code, it looks like if you boot with the mce=3 kernel parameter, it will stop crashing... but I wouldn't wouldn't really recommend this except as a diagnostic step. If the Linux kernel thinks this error is worth crashing over, it's probably right.