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/proc,/dev, and/sysbind-mounted into the chroot in order forgrubto work properly - e.g. if you mount the system's rootfs on/mntin the live USB, by running something likefor i in proc dev sys ; do mount -o bind /$i /mnt/$i ; donebefore runningchroot /mnt). If the installed distro is Ubuntu too, maybe upgrade the entire distro as well as the kernel to whatever version your live CD is running.