Welcome to the Android Enthusiasts, Majk! We support end-users with Android-specific issues, but cannot help you setting up a Linux server on a device, though it *was* running Android before. Still, some helpful hints:

* There are means to control your device even with a broken screen. We've got several issues reported where people wanted to do exactly that. Please check e.g.:
 - [My screen got broken, how to see on the computer what I'm doing in my device?](https://android.stackexchange.com/q/36860/16575)
 - [Control Android with broken screen from PC](https://android.stackexchange.com/q/42105/16575)
 - [Use android phone with broken screen as WiFi camera](https://android.stackexchange.com/q/16842/16575)
 - [Broken Screen + Using adb shell to run vnc server](https://android.stackexchange.com/q/19317/16575)
* There are several web server apps available for Android as well. Even some supporting/including things like PHP and MySQL. Some examples:
 - [AndroPHP](http://www.appbrain.com/app/AndroPHP/com.ayansoft.androphp)
 - [Ulti Server: PHP, MySQL, PMA](http://www.appbrain.com/app/Ulti-Server-PHP-MySQL-PMA/com.icecoldapps.ultiserver)
 - [KSWEB: server + PHP + MySQL](http://www.appbrain.com/app/KSWEB-server-PHP-MySQL/ru.kslabs.ksweb)
 - [NAMP nginx android web server](http://www.appbrain.com/app/NAMP-nginx-android-web-server/ru.nampltd.namp)

I guess that should get you started if you want to solve your issue using Android. And as I initially wrote: Doing that with any other OS, even on an "Android device", is beyond the scope of this site. But I would wonder if you will really need that, after these details – right? :)