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  • the Arduino builder adds forward declaration for functions and moves class and struct definitions at the beginning of the concatenated file Commented Jun 22, 2023 at 5:09
  • Yes, but it doesn't always get things right. I can give dozens of examples that don't compile because the IDE put something in the wrong order. It happens especially if you define a struct and a function that either returns that type or takes it as an argument. I've seen many many cases where the forward declaration gets put in before the struct definition and you get does not name a type error. Commented Jun 22, 2023 at 16:10
  • that problem is not related to multiple ino files. it can happen with one ino too. and it is the only problem with creation of forward declarations. generating the C++ forward declarations is the most convenient thing the builder does for us Commented Jun 22, 2023 at 17:08
  • Thanks but as Juraj said, the problem is persistent regardless of the naming of the files. Commented Jun 29, 2023 at 8:09
  • Yes, but the problem is NOT present when using .h and .cpp instead of .ino files. In that case the inclusion happens where you tell it to be included and things work the way one would expect having used other tools. Commented Jun 29, 2023 at 15:36