I'm late to this party, so I probably won't get many votes.
#Upvotes +15, Downvotes -5
Upvotes +15, Downvotes -5
For each one challenge, approximately 9.9 solutions are written. It seems obvious to me that challenges are far more valuable to the site than solutions. Make upvotes count for +15.
Fifteen reputation for an upvote will reward poorly written challenges. We have a Sandbox dedicated to challenges. I don't see why anyone would forego a free critique, but if you do, then you really have no excuse. Make downvotes count for -5.
The result is that challenges that can maintain a ratio of 1 upvote for every 3 downvotes will break even. That seems reasonable to me.