CJam, 3 characters
Removed ) as per Martin Ender's suggestion
'(~ Similar to the Python one given as an example.
Using '~ you can obtain the ~ character. Then using (, you can decrement it in order to get whatever character you want (~ is the last printable ASCII character). ~ evals any string as normal CJam code. Strings can be constructed by obtaining the character [ (through decrementing ~), eval'ing it, putting some sequence of other characters, then eval'ing the character ]. Through this, you can build and execute any CJam program using only these three characters.