Postscript (19 distinct characters)
<54686520717569636b2062726f776e20666f78206a756d7073206f76657220746865206c617a7920646f67>= Uses the hexadecimal digits 0-9, a-f, hex-string delimiters < >, and = to print.
(13 distinct characters)
( )dup 0 2#1010100 put dup print dup 0 2#1101000 put dup print dup 0 2#1100101 put dup print dup 0 2#100000 put dup print dup 0 2#1110001 put dup print dup 0 2#1110101 put dup print dup 0 2#1101001 put dup print dup 0 2#1100011 put dup print dup 0 2#1101011 put dup print dup 0 2#100000 put dup print dup 0 2#1100010 put dup print dup 0 2#1110010 put dup print dup 0 2#1101111 put dup print dup 0 2#1110111 put dup print dup 0 2#1101110 put dup print dup 0 2#100000 put dup print dup 0 2#1100110 put dup print dup 0 2#1101111 put dup print dup 0 2#1111000 put dup print dup 0 2#100000 put dup print dup 0 2#1101010 put dup print dup 0 2#1110101 put dup print dup 0 2#1101101 put dup print dup 0 2#1110000 put dup print dup 0 2#1110011 put dup print dup 0 2#100000 put dup print dup 0 2#1101111 put dup print dup 0 2#1110110 put dup print dup 0 2#1100101 put dup print dup 0 2#1110010 put dup print dup 0 2#100000 put dup print dup 0 2#1110100 put dup print dup 0 2#1101000 put dup print dup 0 2#1100101 put dup print dup 0 2#100000 put dup print dup 0 2#1101100 put dup print dup 0 2#1100001 put dup print dup 0 2#1111010 put dup print dup 0 2#1111001 put dup print dup 0 2#100000 put dup print dup 0 2#1100100 put dup print dup 0 2#1101111 put dup print dup 0 2#1100111 put dup print dup 0 % 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 % 0 1 2 # d i u n p r t ( ) Binary radix numbers get the data in 4 chars (0,1,2,#), but it needs an empty string ( ) and some letters (put, dup (-up), print (-pt)) to insert the binary number in there.