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?.()operator \$\endgroup\$()isn't really part of the operation..?is the 'optional chaining' operator. It's mostly used with variables - e.g.a?.b?.cwill result incif bothaandbare defined, and will result inundefinedif eitheraorbis undefined/null. But it can also be used with indexing (a?.[i]) and functions (f?.(args)), of this this answer uses the second withmap?.(f). :) \$\endgroup\$a.?b.?cwill result ina.b.cifaanda.bare defined, unrelated to the variablesbandc(that would be??).?.()is special-case syntax AFAICT \$\endgroup\$a.?b.?cisn't valid JavaScript. I think you meanta?.b?.c? Partially my fault for that.?instead of?.typo in the first line of my comment.. To correct & clarify part of my previous comment:?.is the 'optional chaining' operator. It's mostly used with variables - e.g.a?.b?.cwill result ina.b.cif bothaanda.bare defined, and will result inundefinedif eitheraora.bis undefined/null. \$\endgroup\$?.operator, as can be seen in the link I send in my first comment. Whether you use it asobj?.val,arr?.[index]orfunc?.(args)doesn't matter too much. \$\endgroup\$