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{character, but I forgot about string literals! \$\endgroup\$-zexecstackto the actual stack, instead of having it set theREAD_IMPLIES_EXECprocess personality. See How to get c code to execute hex machine code?. (The reason it used to not require-zexecstackis that olderldversions linked the.rodatasection into the same ELF segment as.text. Newerldavoids that, to minimize Spectre / ROP gadget surface area by not having any bytes in executable pages that don't need to be.) \$\endgroup\$__attribute__((section(".text")))to the source before the array.asoutputs "Warning: ignoring changed section attributes for .text", probably because GCC used a.section .textdirective without the usual attributes that make it executable. Sinceasignores it, we end up with this symbol in an executable.textsection, with your custom machine code, so that Just Works without-zexecstack. It also works withtcc, with no warning; it seems it supports that attribute. \$\endgroup\$