#MATL, 20 bytes
MATL, 20 bytes
FT+"@:qtPXnosV47]xhh This uses the characterization in terms of binomial coefficients given in the OEIS page.
The algorithm works in theory for all numbers, but in practice it is limited by MATL's numerical precision, and so it doesn't work for large entries. The result is accurate for inputs up to 20 at least.
Explanation
FT+ % Implicitly take input n. Add [0 1] element-wise. Gives [n n+1] " % For each k in [n n+1] @:q % Push range [0 1 ... k-1] tP % Duplicate and flip: push [k-1 ... 1 0] Xn % Binomial coefficient, element-wise. Gives an array os % Number of odd entries in that array V % Convert from number to string 47 % Push 47, which is ASCII for '\' ] % End for each x % Remove second 47 hh % Concatenate horizontally twice. Automatically transforms 47 into '\' % Implicitly display