Write a function or program to validate an e-mail address against RFC [5321](http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5321) (some grammar rules found in [5322](http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5322)) with the relaxation that you can ignore comments and folding whitespace (`CFWS`) and generalised address literals. This gives the grammar
Mailbox = Local-part "@" ( Domain / address-literal )
Local-part = Dot-string / Quoted-string
Dot-string = Atom *("." Atom)
Atom = 1*atext
atext = ALPHA / DIGIT / ; Printable US-ASCII
"!" / "#" / ; characters not including
"$" / "%" / ; specials. Used for atoms.
"&" / "'" /
"*" / "+" /
"-" / "/" /
"=" / "?" /
"^" / "_" /
"`" / "{" /
"|" / "}" /
"~"
Quoted-string = DQUOTE *QcontentSMTP DQUOTE
QcontentSMTP = qtextSMTP / quoted-pairSMTP
qtextSMTP = %d32-33 / %d35-91 / %d93-126
quoted-pairSMTP = %d92 %d32-126
Domain = sub-domain *("." sub-domain)
sub-domain = Let-dig [Ldh-str]
Let-dig = ALPHA / DIGIT
Ldh-str = *( ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" ) Let-dig
address-literal = "[" ( IPv4-address-literal / IPv6-address-literal ) "]"
IPv4-address-literal = Snum 3("." Snum)
IPv6-address-literal = "IPv6:" IPv6-addr
Snum = 1*3DIGIT
; representing a decimal integer value in the range 0 through 255
Note: I've skipped the definition of `IPv6-addr` because this particular RFC gets it wrong and disallows e.g. `::1`.
### Restrictions
You may not use any existing e-mail validation library calls. However, you may use existing network libraries to check IP addresses.
If you write a function/method/operator/equivalent it should take a string and return a boolean or truthy/falsy value, as appropriate for your language. If you write a program it should take a single line from stdin and indicate valid or invalid via the exit code.
### Test cases
The following test cases are listed in blocks for compactness. The first block are cases which should pass:
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
firstname+[email protected]
[email protected]
email@[123.123.123.123]
"email"@domain.com
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
""@domain.com
"e"@domain.com
"\@"@domain.com
email@domain
"Abc\@def"@example.com
"Fred Bloggs"@example.com
"Joe\\Blow"@example.com
"Abc@def"@example.com
customer/[email protected]
[email protected]
!def!xyz%[email protected]
[email protected]
_somename@[IPv6:::1]
fred+[email protected]
The following test cases should not pass:
plainaddress
#@%^%#$@#$@#.com
@domain.com
[email protected]
Joe Smith <[email protected]>
email.domain.com
email@[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected] (Joe Smith)
[email protected]
[email protected]
email@[IPv6:127.0.0.1]
email@[127.0.0]
email@[.127.0.0.1]
email@[127.0.0.1.]
email@IPv6:::1]
[email protected]]
email@[256.123.123.123]