One option could be EngineEdition .
Try:
SELECT CASE ServerProperty('EngineEdition') WHEN 1 THEN 'Personal' WHEN 2 THEN 'Standard' WHEN 3 THEN 'Enterprise' WHEN 4 THEN 'Express' WHEN 5 THEN 'SQL Database' WHEN 6 THEN 'Azure Synapse Analytics' WHEN 8 THEN 'Azure SQL Managed Instance' WHEN 9 THEN 'Azure SQL Edge' WHEN 11 THEN 'Azure Synapse serverless SQL pool' END