I have a query which involves a full-text search like this: SELECT TOP 30 PersonId, PersonParentId, PersonName, PersonPostCode FROM dbo.People WHERE PersonDeletionDate IS NULL AND PersonCustomerId = 24 AND CONTAINS(ContactFullText, '"mr" AND "ch*"') AND PersonGroupId IN(197, 206, 186, 198) ORDER BY PersonParentId, PersonName; This generates two main plans, one is very fast in all cases, the other is very slow in most cases. I have experimented with this query such that the FT search is not included and what I found is that the row estimates are always way lower than they should be. If I run ```update statistics...with fullscan``` I still see extremely inaccurate row estimates from NC index seek operations in the execution plan. When the row estimates are low enough, a loop join is selected, which is normally very slow (30+ seconds). Higher estimates seem to produce a good plan involving a merge join instead of a loop join. Why is SQL Server still not estimating the rowcounts despite still having up to date statistics?