matrix()

Baseline Widely available

This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since ⁨July 2015⁩.

The matrix() CSS function defines a homogeneous 2D transformation matrix. Its result is a <transform-function> data type.

Note: The matrix(a, b, c, d, tx, ty) function is a shorthand for matrix3d(a, b, 0, 0, c, d, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, tx, ty, 0, 1).

Try it

transform: matrix(1.2, 0.2, -1, 0.9, 0, 20);

transform: matrix(0.4, 0, 0.5, 1.2, 60, 10);

transform: matrix(0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0);

transform: matrix(0.1, 1, -0.3, 1, 0, 0);

<section id="default-example"> <img class="transition-all" id="example-element" src="/shared-assets/images/examples/firefox-logo.svg" width="200" /> </section>

Syntax

css

matrix(a, b, c, d, tx, ty)

Values

The matrix() function is specified with six values. The constant values are implied and not passed as parameters; the other parameters are described in the column-major order.

a b c d: Are <number>s describing the linear transformation.
tx ty: Are <number>s describing the translation to apply.

Cartesian coordinates on ℝ^2	Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ^2	Cartesian coordinates on ℝ^3	Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ^3
$\begin{pmatrix} a & c \\ b & d \end{pmatrix}$	$\left( \begin{array}{ccc} a & c & tx \\ b & d & ty \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{array} \right)$	$\left( \begin{array}{ccc} a & c & tx \\ b & d & ty \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{array} \right)$	$\left( \begin{array}{cccc} a & c & 0 & tx \\ b & d & 0 & ty \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{array} \right)$
$\begin{pmatrix} a & c \\ b & d \end{pmatrix}$	`[a b c d tx ty]`

The values represent the following functions: matrix(scaleX(), skewY(), skewX(), scaleY(), translateX(), translateY()).

Formal syntax

<matrix()> = 
 matrix( <number>#{6} )

Examples

HTML

html

<div>Normal</div> <div class="changed">Changed</div>

CSS

css

div { width: 80px; height: 80px; background-color: skyblue; } .changed { transform: matrix(1, 2, -1, 1, 80, 80); background-color: pink; }

Result

Specifications

Specification
CSS Transforms Module Level 1 # funcdef-transform-matrix

Browser compatibility

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This page was last modified on ⁨Nov 6, 2025⁩ by MDN contributors.

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