I know the dynamic range is the ratio between the maximum amplitude and the minimum amplitude of a signal, calculating the dynamic range in dB I get a difference of logarithms:
But why the dynamic range of a N-bit digital system with linear quantization is 6N dB?
Just to summarize the comments, for the next person who comes looking:
decibels are $20 \log_{10}{x}$ (or $10 \log_{10}{\left( x^2 \right) }$ when power levels used instead of the amplitude levels)
When looking at bit noise limited N-bit system, there are $2^{N}$ measurement levels, and the smallest distinguishable difference is $1$. So
DR$_{dB}$ = $20 \log_{10}{\frac{2^N}{1} } = N*20\log_{10}{2}\approx 6 N$
For an A/D converter (or an equivalent quantizer with both finite precision and range of measured amplitude), I would define Dynamic Range in dB of that A/D to be the sum of dB of Signal-to-Noise ratio (S/N) plus dB of Headroom plus dB of Crest Factor. For a fixed crest factor, as the signal level increases (against a constant quantization noise floor), the S/N increases, but the headroom dB decreases by about the same amount.
