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emc result
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Jeroen3
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Update: It appears the above circuit may just work. emc plot

Update: It appears the above circuit may just work. emc plot

update
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Jeroen3
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simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
(Circuit as build, does not perform well)

Specs wise the maximum current is 5A, nom 3A.
There will barely be any slew rate in the current. The 1.5 Henry inductivity of the load makes sure of that. I've selected a slow diode to prevent ringing from that. I was unable to measure this, so I suspect this is no issue.
The main concern is the rapid changing voltage on the Collector, my target was 100-500 µs for the transitions, so < 1V/µs.

Update:

I've performed some more measurements. And was unable to get a better slew rate using the circuit assembled on the board. I was able to reduce the ringing visible on the scope images.

Best result was obtained with Cx on the output side of the choke removed. When this is added, there is soo much capacitance and the circuit is unstable.

enter image description here
Yellow: current in R1, Blue: current in L1, Green: Vbe, Orange: Vb-gnd (includes R1)

The little yellow hump during turn on (green falling) is a surge through the remaining Cx, this actually helps reducing the slew rate on the output. Add the other Cx back to it and the circuit startings ringing and pulls Vb negative. (not good)

This was the best I could get. Around 70V in 20us (3.5 V/us). Probing with the TinySA does not yield any measurable signals on the bench.

EMC profile

Target EMC profile is <25 dBuV at 1 Meter E-Field. This appears to be very difficult. Even the test room lights must be disconnected.

emc profile
(Yes, Limit A)
Those who recognize this profile now know why I can't post full circuits or pictures.

simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab

Specs wise the maximum current is 5A, nom 3A.
There will barely be any slew rate in the current. The 1.5 Henry inductivity of the load makes sure of that. I've selected a slow diode to prevent ringing from that. I was unable to measure this, so I suspect this is no issue.
The main concern is the rapid changing voltage on the Collector, my target was 100-500 µs for the transitions, so < 1V/µs.

simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
(Circuit as build, does not perform well)

Specs wise the maximum current is 5A, nom 3A.
There will barely be any slew rate in the current. The 1.5 Henry inductivity of the load makes sure of that. I've selected a slow diode to prevent ringing from that. I was unable to measure this, so I suspect this is no issue.
The main concern is the rapid changing voltage on the Collector, my target was 100-500 µs for the transitions, so < 1V/µs.

Update:

I've performed some more measurements. And was unable to get a better slew rate using the circuit assembled on the board. I was able to reduce the ringing visible on the scope images.

Best result was obtained with Cx on the output side of the choke removed. When this is added, there is soo much capacitance and the circuit is unstable.

enter image description here
Yellow: current in R1, Blue: current in L1, Green: Vbe, Orange: Vb-gnd (includes R1)

The little yellow hump during turn on (green falling) is a surge through the remaining Cx, this actually helps reducing the slew rate on the output. Add the other Cx back to it and the circuit startings ringing and pulls Vb negative. (not good)

This was the best I could get. Around 70V in 20us (3.5 V/us). Probing with the TinySA does not yield any measurable signals on the bench.

EMC profile

Target EMC profile is <25 dBuV at 1 Meter E-Field. This appears to be very difficult. Even the test room lights must be disconnected.

emc profile
(Yes, Limit A)
Those who recognize this profile now know why I can't post full circuits or pictures.

added 11 characters in body
Source Link
Jeroen3
  • 25.1k
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In a special project I'm trying to do PWM current control of a electromagnet like application.
This project is special because it has to pass very strict EMI tests (<30Mhz radiated emissions).
Almost all products with typical PWM using low side mosfets fail (backlight controller, dc-dc, servo's even dc fans fail) it's really strict.

So I need to slow down the slew rates of the low side switch nodes. Attempts with mosfets were futile, they are inherently too fast and slowly controlling them through the linear region exceeds the SOA of almost all I can find. Except special purpose linear (>30$).

Even linear has crossed my mind, it would be very wasteful, I'd need 3 to 4 transistors for that much energy.

After some tests of an initial prototype this was made. I've drawn up the schematic with all relevant parts of the PWM switching.

Setpoint is fed into a comparator with a triangle, with slew-rate limiting properties. This works great, it slowly raises to +15V. And goes down to 0V. (There is no -15V.)

Nominal current is about 3A, I've tested with 0.5A.

schematic

simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab

The darlington is an MJH11020. (200V, 15A)
Correctly notices by Kevin White in the comments, I've corrected the schematic

Turn-off

Turn off works great! The voltage on the output does not have any fast edges. turn off

Turn-on

This is more challenging. The turn-on does not appear to react to the slew rate control very well. I've even tried this without Q2, but that does not have much effect. There is also ringing, approx 85 Khz, that worries me most. turn on

There is also severe ringing on the base voltage I have no screenshot of unfortunately.
Something is not right in this circuit, and I'd like to know what.

Some oldermore experienced colleagues pointed to this schematic like how this was done "back in the day" however, that was also done using components you can't get anymore.

What can be done to make this circuit behave nice and softly? Possibly getting rid of the ringing would be nice as well. Maybe the filter causes this? Unfortunately the filter I cannot lose because of noisy slip rings.

Update on comments #1:
Tim Williams asked in the comments for more details on EMC side of things with the environment. Unfortunately, I cannot share photos or diagrams of those.
The board will be in an aluminum housing, only power comes from outside. A filter was placed for this.

Specs wise the maximum current is 5A, nom 3A.
There will barely be any slew rate in the current. The 1.5 Henry inductivity of the load makes sure of that. I've selected a slow diode to prevent ringing from that. I was unable to measure this, so I suspect this is no issue.
The main concern is the rapid changing voltage on the Collector, my target was 100-500 µs for the transitions, so < 1V/µs.

In a special project I'm trying to do PWM current control of a electromagnet like application.
This project is special because it has to pass very strict EMI tests (<30Mhz radiated emissions).
Almost all products with typical PWM using low side mosfets fail (backlight controller, dc-dc, servo's even dc fans fail) it's really strict.

So I need to slow down the slew rates of the low side switch nodes. Attempts with mosfets were futile, they are inherently too fast and slowly controlling them through the linear region exceeds the SOA of almost all I can find. Except special purpose linear (>30$).

Even linear has crossed my mind, it would be very wasteful, I'd need 3 to 4 transistors for that much energy.

After some tests of an initial prototype this was made. I've drawn up the schematic with all relevant parts of the PWM switching.

Setpoint is fed into a comparator with a triangle, with slew-rate limiting properties. This works great, it slowly raises to +15V. And goes down to 0V. (There is no -15V.)

Nominal current is about 3A, I've tested with 0.5A.

schematic

simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab

The darlington is an MJH11020. (200V, 15A)
Correctly notices by Kevin White in the comments, I've corrected the schematic

Turn-off

Turn off works great! The voltage on the output does not have any fast edges. turn off

Turn-on

This is more challenging. The turn-on does not appear to react to the slew rate control very well. I've even tried this without Q2, but that does not have much effect. There is also ringing, approx 85 Khz, that worries me most. turn on

There is also severe ringing on the base voltage I have no screenshot of unfortunately.
Something is not right in this circuit, and I'd like to know what.

Some older colleagues pointed to this schematic like how this was done "back in the day" however, that was also done using components you can't get anymore.

What can be done to make this circuit behave nice and softly? Possibly getting rid of the ringing would be nice as well. Maybe the filter causes this? Unfortunately the filter I cannot lose because of noisy slip rings.

Update on comments #1:
Tim Williams asked in the comments for more details on EMC side of things with the environment. Unfortunately, I cannot share photos or diagrams of those.
The board will be in an aluminum housing, only power comes from outside. A filter was placed for this.

Specs wise the maximum current is 5A, nom 3A.
There will barely be any slew rate in the current. The 1.5 Henry inductivity of the load makes sure of that. I've selected a slow diode to prevent ringing from that. I was unable to measure this, so I suspect this is no issue.
The main concern is the rapid changing voltage on the Collector, my target was 100-500 µs for the transitions, so < 1V/µs.

In a special project I'm trying to do PWM current control of a electromagnet like application.
This project is special because it has to pass very strict EMI tests (<30Mhz radiated emissions).
Almost all products with typical PWM using low side mosfets fail (backlight controller, dc-dc, servo's even dc fans fail) it's really strict.

So I need to slow down the slew rates of the low side switch nodes. Attempts with mosfets were futile, they are inherently too fast and slowly controlling them through the linear region exceeds the SOA of almost all I can find. Except special purpose linear (>30$).

Even linear has crossed my mind, it would be very wasteful, I'd need 3 to 4 transistors for that much energy.

After some tests of an initial prototype this was made. I've drawn up the schematic with all relevant parts of the PWM switching.

Setpoint is fed into a comparator with a triangle, with slew-rate limiting properties. This works great, it slowly raises to +15V. And goes down to 0V. (There is no -15V.)

Nominal current is about 3A, I've tested with 0.5A.

schematic

simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab

The darlington is an MJH11020. (200V, 15A)
Correctly notices by Kevin White in the comments, I've corrected the schematic

Turn-off

Turn off works great! The voltage on the output does not have any fast edges. turn off

Turn-on

This is more challenging. The turn-on does not appear to react to the slew rate control very well. I've even tried this without Q2, but that does not have much effect. There is also ringing, approx 85 Khz, that worries me most. turn on

There is also severe ringing on the base voltage I have no screenshot of unfortunately.
Something is not right in this circuit, and I'd like to know what.

Some more experienced colleagues pointed to this schematic like how this was done "back in the day" however, that was also done using components you can't get anymore.

What can be done to make this circuit behave nice and softly? Possibly getting rid of the ringing would be nice as well. Maybe the filter causes this? Unfortunately the filter I cannot lose because of noisy slip rings.

Update on comments #1:
Tim Williams asked in the comments for more details on EMC side of things with the environment. Unfortunately, I cannot share photos or diagrams of those.
The board will be in an aluminum housing, only power comes from outside. A filter was placed for this.

Specs wise the maximum current is 5A, nom 3A.
There will barely be any slew rate in the current. The 1.5 Henry inductivity of the load makes sure of that. I've selected a slow diode to prevent ringing from that. I was unable to measure this, so I suspect this is no issue.
The main concern is the rapid changing voltage on the Collector, my target was 100-500 µs for the transitions, so < 1V/µs.

updates in response to comments
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Jeroen3
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fixed typos
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Jeroen3
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change schematic, fixed unbiased opamp C1
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Jeroen3
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Source Link
Jeroen3
  • 25.1k
  • 39
  • 76
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