Research classified by Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes

2015

• Field, Erica & Jayachandran, Seema & Pande, Rohini & Rigol, Natalia, 2015, "Friendship at Work: Can Peer Effects Catalyze Female Entrepreneurship?," Working Paper Series, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government, number rwp15-019, Apr.
• Beltratti, Andrea & Stulz, Rene M., 2015, "Bank Sovereign Bond Holdings, Sovereign Shock Spillovers, and Moral Hazard durning the European Crisis," Working Paper Series, Ohio State University, Charles A. Dice Center for Research in Financial Economics, number 2015-06, Apr.
• Ben-David, Itzhak & Palvia, Ajay A. & Spatt, Chester S., 2015, "Banks' Internal Capital Markets and Deposit Rates," Working Paper Series, Ohio State University, Charles A. Dice Center for Research in Financial Economics, number 2015-16, Aug.
• Almanidis, Pavlos & Sickles, Robin C., 2015, "Banking Crises, Early Warning Models, and Efficiency," Working Papers, Rice University, Department of Economics, number 15-006, Jun.
• Almanidis, Pavlos & Karagiannis, Giannis & Sickles, Robin C., 2015, "Semi-nonparametric Spline Modifications to the Cornwell-Schmidt-Sickles Estimator: An Analysis of U.S. Banking Productivity," Working Papers, Rice University, Department of Economics, number 15-008, Jun.
• Duygun, Meryem & Shaban, Mohamed & Sickles, Robin C. & Weyman-Jones, Thomas, 2015, "How Regulatory Capital Requirement Affect Banks' Productivity: An Application to Emerging Economies' Banks," Working Papers, Rice University, Department of Economics, number 15-012, Jun.
• Bai, Jennie & Krishnamurthy, Arvind & Weymuller, Charles-Henri, 2015, "Mesuring Liquidity Mismatch in the Banking Sector," Research Papers, Stanford University, Graduate School of Business, number 3278, Mar.
• Admati, Anat R., 2015, "The Missed Opportunity and Challenge of Capital Regulation," Research Papers, Stanford University, Graduate School of Business, number 3386, Dec.
• Hurst, Erik & Keys, Benjamin J. & Seru, Amit & Vavra, Joseph, 2015, "Regional Redistribution through the U.S. Mortgage Market," Research Papers, Stanford University, Graduate School of Business, number 3458, Sep.
• Seru, Amit & Rajan, Uday & Vig, Vikrant, 2015, "The Failure of Models That Predict Failure: Distance, Incentives, and Defaults," Research Papers, Stanford University, Graduate School of Business, number 3464, Feb.
• Brown, Jeffrey A. & McGourty, Brad & Schuermann, Til, 2015, "Model Risk and the Great Financial Crisis: The Rise of Modern Model Risk Management," Working Papers, University of Pennsylvania, Wharton School, Weiss Center, number 15-01, Jan.
• Jackowicz, Krzysztof & Kowalewski, Oskar & Kozlowski, Lukasz, 2015, "Depositor Discipline During Good and Bad Times: The Role of the Guarantor of Last Resort," Working Papers, University of Pennsylvania, Wharton School, Weiss Center, number 15-04, Feb.
• Gallardo, German Gutierrez & Schuermann, Til & Duane, Michael, 2015, "Stress Testing Convergence," Working Papers, University of Pennsylvania, Wharton School, Weiss Center, number 15-11, Jul.
• Fischer, Ronald & Huerta, Diego & Valenzuela, Patricio, 2015, "Inequality and Private Credit," Working Papers, University of Pennsylvania, Wharton School, Weiss Center, number 15-12, Aug.
• Mohamed Aymen Ben Moussa, 2015, "The Determinants of Bank Liquidity: Case of Tunisia," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, volume 5, issue 1, pages 249-259.
• Alaaeddin Al-Tarawneh & Mohmmad Khataybeh, 2015, "Portfolio Behaviour of Commercial Banks: The Expected Utility Approach: Evidence from Jordan," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, volume 5, issue 2, pages 312-323.
• Han-Ching Huang & Yong-Chern Su & Jen-Tien Tsui, 2015, "Asymmetric GARCH Value-at-Risk over MSCI in Financial Crisis," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, volume 5, issue 2, pages 390-398.
• Makram Nouaili & Ezzeddine Abaoub & Anis Ochi, 2015, "The Determinants of Banking Performance in Front of Financial Changes: Case of Trade Banks in Tunisia," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, volume 5, issue 2, pages 410-417.
• Sufi Faizan Ahmed & Qaisar Ali Malik, 2015, "Credit Risk Management and Loan Performance: Empirical Investigation of Micro Finance Banks of Pakistan," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, volume 5, issue 2, pages 574-579.
• Abiola A. Babajide & Folasade B. Adegboye & Alexander E. Omankhanlen, 2015, "Financial Inclusion and Economic Growth in Nigeria," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, volume 5, issue 3, pages 629-637.
• Haytem Ahmed Troug & Rashid Sbia, 2015, "The Relationship between Banking Competition and Stability in Developing Countries: The Case of Libya," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, volume 5, issue 3, pages 772-779.
• Brooke Alexandra Maeda, 2015, "Flight to Liquidity on the Tokyo Stock Exchange during the 2008 Share Market Crashes," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, volume 5, issue 3, pages 790-801.
• Mohamad Sabri Haron & Rashila Ramli & Malek Marwan Yousef Injas & Raghad Azzam Injas, 2015, "Reputation Risk and its Impact on the Islamic Banks: Case of the Murabaha," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, volume 5, issue 4, pages 854-859.
• Mukdad Ibrahim, 2015, "A Comparative Study of Financial Performance between Conventional and Islamic Banking in United Arab Emirates," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, volume 5, issue 4, pages 868-874.
• Rachida Benahmed-Daho & Abdelnacer Bouteldja & Ali bendob, 2015, "Liberalization of Financial Services and Performance of Commercial Banks in Algeria: An Empirical Study (1998 2012)," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, volume 5, issue 4, pages 889-896.
• Kamal Naser & Abdullah Al-Mutairi & Ahmad Al Kandari & Rana Nuseibeh, 2015, "Cogency of Capital Structure Theories to an Islamic Country: Empirical Evidence from the Kuwaiti Banks," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, volume 5, issue 4, pages 979-988.
• Dmitry Burakov, 2015, "Energy Effi ciency in Rent Seeking Economies: Is Credit Capable of Breaking the Energy Curse?," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, volume 5, issue 3, pages 677-685.
• Lyudmila Yurievna Bogachkova & Shamam Garnikovna Khurshudyan, 2015, "Quantitative Analysis of Energy Efficiency Indices in the Regions of the Russian Federation as Exemplified by Energy Consumption," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, volume 5, issue 4, pages 1033-1041.
• Fruet Cardozo, J. Vicente & Muñoz Fernández, Guzmán A., 2015, "Paraguay: una propuesta de financiamiento de viviendas para los segmentos de ingresos medios-bajos," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), December.
• Fruet Cardozo, J. Vicente & Muñoz Fernández, Guzmán A., 2015, "Paraguay: a housing finance proposal for middle- to low-income groups," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), December.
• Diego Huerta & Ronald Fischer & Patricio Valenzuela, 2015, "Inequality and Private Credit," Documentos de Trabajo, Centro de Economía Aplicada, Universidad de Chile, number 316.
• Sofía Bauducco & Alexandre Janiak, 2015, "On the welfare cost of bank concentration," Documentos de Trabajo, Centro de Economía Aplicada, Universidad de Chile, number 321.
• Alessia De Stefani, 2015, "Debt, Inequality and House Prices: Explaining the Dynamics of Household Borrowing Prior to the Great Recession," Edinburgh School of Economics Discussion Paper Series, Edinburgh School of Economics, University of Edinburgh, number 259, Sep.
• Manuel Buchholz, 2015, "How effective is macroprudential policy during financial downturns? Evidence from caps on banks̕ leverage," Bank of Estonia Working Papers, Bank of Estonia, number wp2015-7, Dec, revised 30 Dec 2015.
• Greiner, Adam J., 2015, "The effect of the fair value option on bank earnings and regulatory capital management: Evidence from realized securities gains and losses," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, volume 31, issue 1, pages 33-41, DOI: 10.1016/j.adiac.2015.03.005.
• McDonough, Ryan P. & Shakespeare, Catherine M., 2015, "Fair value measurement capabilities, disclosure, and the perceived reliability of fair value estimates: A discussion of Bhat and Ryan (2015)," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, volume 46, issue C, pages 96-99, DOI: 10.1016/j.aos.2015.05.003.
• Manlagnit, Maria Chelo V., 2015, "Basel regulations and banks’ efficiency: The case of the Philippines," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, volume 39, issue C, pages 72-85, DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2015.06.001.
• Edirisuriya, Piyadasa & Gunasekarage, Abeyratna & Dempsey, Michael, 2015, "Bank diversification, performance and stock market response: Evidence from listed public banks in South Asian countries," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, volume 41, issue C, pages 69-85, DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2015.09.003.
• Peterson, Daniel & Carlander, Anders & Gamble, Amelie & Gärling, Tommy & Holmen, Martin, 2015, "Lay people beliefs in professional and naïve stock investors’ proneness to judgmental biases," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, volume 5, issue C, pages 27-34, DOI: 10.1016/j.jbef.2015.02.002.
• Kanagaretnam, Kiridaran & Lobo, Gerald J. & Wang, Chong & Whalen, Dennis J., 2015, "Religiosity and risk-taking in international banking," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, volume 7, issue C, pages 42-59, DOI: 10.1016/j.jbef.2015.07.004.
• Stöckl, Thomas, 2015, "Dishonest or professional behavior? Can we tell? A comment on: Cohn et al. 2014, Nature 516, 86–89, “Business culture and dishonesty in the banking industry”," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, volume 8, issue C, pages 64-67, DOI: 10.1016/j.jbef.2015.10.003.
• Qian, Xianhang & Zhang, Guangli & Liu, Haiming, 2015, "Officials on boards and the prudential behavior of banks: Evidence from China's city commercial banks," China Economic Review, Elsevier, volume 32, issue C, pages 84-96, DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2014.11.010.
• Yuan, Yan & Xu, Lihe, 2015, "Are poor able to access the informal credit market? Evidence from rural households in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, volume 33, issue C, pages 232-246, DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2015.01.003.
• Huang, Daisy J. & Leung, Charles K. & Qu, Baozhi, 2015, "Do bank loans and local amenities explain Chinese urban house prices?," China Economic Review, Elsevier, volume 34, issue C, pages 19-38, DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2015.03.002.
• Fungáčová, Zuzana & Weill, Laurent, 2015, "Understanding financial inclusion in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, volume 34, issue C, pages 196-206, DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2014.12.004.
• HSIAO, Cheng & SHEN, Yan & BIAN, Wenlong, 2015, "Evaluating the effectiveness of China's financial reform—The efficiency of China's domestic banks," China Economic Review, Elsevier, volume 35, issue C, pages 70-82, DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2015.05.006.
• Han, Jinmian & Wang, Wei & Wang, Jiaqi, 2015, "POT model for operational risk: Experience with the analysis of the data collected from Chinese commercial banks," China Economic Review, Elsevier, volume 36, issue C, pages 325-340, DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2015.07.003.
• Cull, Robert & Li, Wei & Sun, Bo & Xu, Lixin Colin, 2015, "Government connections and financial constraints: Evidence from a large representative sample of Chinese firms," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, volume 32, issue C, pages 271-294, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2014.10.012.
• D'Aurizio, Leandro & Oliviero, Tommaso & Romano, Livio, 2015, "Family firms, soft information and bank lending in a financial crisis," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, volume 33, issue C, pages 279-292, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2015.01.002.
• Stacchini, Massimiliano & Degasperi, Petra, 2015, "Trust, family businesses and financial intermediation," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, volume 33, issue C, pages 293-316, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2015.01.006.
• Takahashi, Hidenori, 2015, "Dynamics of bank relationships in entrepreneurial finance," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, volume 34, issue C, pages 23-31, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2015.07.006.
• Prina, Silvia, 2015, "Banking the poor via savings accounts: Evidence from a field experiment," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, volume 115, issue C, pages 16-31, DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2015.01.004.
• Gabbi, Giampaolo & Iori, Giulia & Jafarey, Saqib & Porter, James, 2015, "Financial regulations and bank credit to the real economy," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 50, issue C, pages 117-143, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2014.07.002.
• Klimek, Peter & Poledna, Sebastian & Doyne Farmer, J. & Thurner, Stefan, 2015, "To bail-out or to bail-in? Answers from an agent-based model," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 50, issue C, pages 144-154, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2014.08.020.
• Iori, Giulia & Mantegna, Rosario N. & Marotta, Luca & Miccichè, Salvatore & Porter, James & Tumminello, Michele, 2015, "Networked relationships in the e-MID interbank market: A trading model with memory," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 50, issue C, pages 98-116, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2014.08.016.
• Hillebrand, Marten & Kikuchi, Tomoo, 2015, "A mechanism for booms and busts in housing prices," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 51, issue C, pages 204-217, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2014.09.033.
• Dosi, Giovanni & Fagiolo, Giorgio & Napoletano, Mauro & Roventini, Andrea & Treibich, Tania, 2015, "Fiscal and monetary policies in complex evolving economies," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 52, issue C, pages 166-189, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2014.11.014.
• Lux, Thomas, 2015, "Emergence of a core-periphery structure in a simple dynamic model of the interbank market," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 52, issue C, pages 11-23, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2014.09.038.
• Benes, Jaromir & Kumhof, Michael, 2015, "Risky bank lending and countercyclical capital buffers," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 58, issue C, pages 58-80, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2015.06.005.
• Mnasri, A., 2015, "Renting vs buying a home: A matter of wealth accumulation or of geographic stability?," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 60, issue C, pages 42-72, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2015.08.008.
• Busuioc Witowschi Irina Raluca & Luca Florin Alexandru, 2015, "Basel III. How Far Have We Come?," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, volume 0, issue 1, pages 682-686, May.
• Cioca Ionela Cornelia, 2015, "Analysis of Correlation between Gross Domestic Product and Value Added Tax in the European Union Countries," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, volume 0, issue 1, pages 702-706, May.
• Ghi?ã-Mitrescu Silvia & Duhnea Cristina, 2015, "IFRS 9’s Impact on the Romanian Banking System’s Provisions," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, volume 0, issue 1, pages 748-753, May.
• Dobre Claudia, 2015, "Concentration in the Banking Sector in Romania and Bulgaria," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, volume 0, issue 1, pages 75-79, May.
• Gust Marius, 2015, "Evolutions of the Concentration Degree in the Romanian Banking System," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, volume 0, issue 1, pages 769-773, May.
• Munteanu Irena, 2015, "Risk and Banking Performance: the Correlation between Credit Risk Ratio and ROA in the Romanian Banking System," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, volume 0, issue 1, pages 836-841, May.
• Piciu Gabriela Cornelia, 2015, "Implications of Bank Failures – Case Study:Daiwa Bank," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, volume 0, issue 1, pages 877-880, May.
• Roman Angela & Bilan Irina, 2015, "Bank-specific and Macroeconomic Determinants of the Quality of Bank Loans Portfolio in Romania and Bulgaria," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, volume 0, issue 1, pages 881-886, May.
• Sahlian Daniela Nicoleta, 2015, "Is Bancassurance Concept Profitable for the Banking and Insurance Field in Romania?," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, volume 0, issue 1, pages 887-892, May.
• Halep Maria, 2015, "The IFRS9 Standard: Assessment of the Impacts on the European Banking Industry," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, volume 0, issue 1, pages 930-935, May.
• Ioana Ple?cãu, 2015, "Defining and Measuring Bank’s Equity Risk: Evidence from the Erste Bank Group Romania," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, volume 0, issue 2, pages 534-538, May.
• Angela Roman & Valentina Diana Rusu, 2015, "Financing of the EU SMEs by the Capital Markets: An Overview," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, volume 0, issue 2, pages 546-551, May.
• Claudia Dobre, 2015, "The Structure-Performance Relationship In Romanian Banking System," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, volume 0, issue 2, pages 80-85, May.
• Ilie Constantin Florea & Marc Sommer, 2015, "When Companies Become Too Socially Innovative to Fail," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, volume 0, issue 2, pages 92-97, May.
• Somoza López, Antonio, 2015, "Aplicación de las técnicas multivariantes al sector bancario español: el caso de las entidades afectadas por la restructuración (2008-2009) || Application of Multivariate Techniques?to Spanish Banking Sector: The Case of Entities Affected by Restruct," Revista de Métodos Cuantitativos para la Economía y la Empresa = Journal of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Department of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, volume 19, issue 1, pages 66-100, June.
• Tobias Niedrig & Helmut Gründl, 2015, "The Effects of Contingent Convertible (CoCo) Bonds on Insurers’ Capital Requirements Under Solvency II," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, volume 40, issue 3, pages 416-443, July.
• Claudia M Buch & Linda S Goldberg, 2015, "International Banking and Liquidity Risk Transmission: Lessons from Across Countries," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, volume 63, issue 3, pages 377-410, November.
• Dean Corbae & Pablo D’Erasmo, 2015, "Foreign Competition and Banking Industry Dynamics: An Application to Mexico," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, volume 63, issue 4, pages 830-867, November.
• Stijn Claessens & Neeltje van Horen, 2015, "The Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on Banking Globalization," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, volume 63, issue 4, pages 868-918, November.
• Claudia M Buch & Manuel Buchholz & Lena Tonzer, 2015, "Uncertainty, Bank Lending, and Bank-Level Heterogeneity," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, volume 63, issue 4, pages 919-954, November.
• Xiaoqing Maggie Fu & Yongjia Rebecca Lin & Philip Molyneux, 2015, "Bank Competition and Financial Stability in Asia Pacific," Palgrave Macmillan Studies in Banking and Financial Institutions, Palgrave Macmillan, chapter 3, "Bank Competition, Efficiency and Liquidity Creation in Asia Pacific", DOI: 10.1057/9781137533845_3.
• Xiaoqing Maggie Fu & Yongjia Rebecca Lin & Philip Molyneux, 2015, "Bank Efficiency and Shareholder Value in Asia Pacific," Palgrave Macmillan Studies in Banking and Financial Institutions, Palgrave Macmillan, chapter 4, "Bank Competition, Efficiency and Liquidity Creation in Asia Pacific", DOI: 10.1057/9781137533845_4.
• Mert Demirer & Francis X. Diebold & Laura Liu & Kamil Yilmaz, 2015, "Estimating Global Bank Network Connectedness," PIER Working Paper Archive, Penn Institute for Economic Research, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania, number 15-025, Jul, revised 25 Jul 2015.
• Hanming Fang & Rongzhu Ke & Li-An Zhou, 2015, "Rosca Meets Formal Credit Market," PIER Working Paper Archive, Penn Institute for Economic Research, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania, number 15-036, Oct, revised 23 Oct 2015.
• Hanming Fang & You Suk Kim & Wenli Li, 2015, "The Dynamics of Adjustable-Rate Subprime Mortgage Default: A Structural Estimation," PIER Working Paper Archive, Penn Institute for Economic Research, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania, number 15-041, Dec, revised 09 Dec 2015.
• Piotr Masiukiewicz, 2015, "Doctrine Of Public Good In Banking Versus State Intervention," Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, Institute of Economic Research, volume 10, issue 1, pages 55-67, March, DOI: 10.12775/EQUIL.2015.003.
• Danuta Szwajca, 2015, "Corporate reputation and customer loyalty as the measures of competitive enterprise position – empirical analyses on the example of banking sector," Working Papers, Institute of Economic Research, number 113/2015, Apr, revised Apr 2015.
• Aneta Waszkiewicz, 2015, "Shadow banking we wspolczesnym systemie finansowym," Working Papers, Institute of Economic Research, number 143/2015, May, revised May 2015.
• Emilia Klepczarek, 2015, "Disclosure of risk information in the European banking sector," Working Papers, Institute of Economic Research, number 18/2015, Mar, revised Mar 2015.
• Katarzyna Kubiszewska, 2015, "Banking concentration in the Baltic and Western Balkan states – selected issues," Working Papers, Institute of Economic Research, number 68/2015, Apr, revised Apr 2015.
• Malgorzata Olszak & Mateusz Pipien & Sylwia Roszkowska, 2015, "The impact of capital ratio on lending of EU banks – the role of bank specialization and capitalization," Working Papers, Institute of Economic Research, number 83/2015, Apr, revised Apr 2015.
• Ilie Răscolean & Ileana-Sorina Rakos, 2015, "Study on the accounting of adjustments for receivables depreciation in operations with clients," Annals of the University of Petrosani, Economics, University of Petrosani, Romania, volume 15, issue 2, pages 133-142.
• Imola Drigă, 2015, "The rise of mobile banking," Annals of the University of Petrosani, Economics, University of Petrosani, Romania, volume 15, issue 2, pages 29-36.
• Claudia Isac & Imola Drigă, 2015, "Internet banking services - a business necessity in the third millennium," Annals of the University of Petrosani, Economics, University of Petrosani, Romania, volume 15, issue 2, pages 53-62.
• Mirela Monea, 2015, "Structure and trends of the insurance sector in Romania," Annals of the University of Petrosani, Economics, University of Petrosani, Romania, volume 15, issue 2, pages 95-102.
• Lamanda, Gabriella & Tamásné Vőneki, Zsuzsanna, 2015, "Hungry for Risk – A risk appetite framework for operational risks," Public Finance Quarterly, Corvinus University of Budapest, volume 60, issue 2, pages 212-225.
• Walter, György & Kenesei, Balázs, 2015, "Innovative Banking Services for Centralised Corporate Cash Management," Public Finance Quarterly, Corvinus University of Budapest, volume 60, issue 3, pages 312-325.
• Gilberto M. Llanto, 2015, "Households’ access to financial services: some evidence from survey data," Philippine Review of Economics, University of the Philippines School of Economics and Philippine Economic Society, volume 52, issue 2, pages 170-191, December.
• Alberto BURCHI & Francesca PIERRI, 2015, "Survival Models for Credit Risk Estimation in the context of SME," Working papers of the Department of Economics - University of Perugia (IT), Università di Perugia, Dipartimento Economia, number 18/2015, Dec.
• Peña, Guillermo, 2015, "Does monetary policy affect lending? Evidence from some panel data," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 103882, Jun.
• Salmanov, Oleg & Zaernyuk, Viktor, 2015, "Роль Банковского Канала В Передаче Денежно-Кредитной Политики В России
  [The role of the banking channel in the transmission of monetary policy in Russia]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 112388, Nov, revised 01 Nov 2015.
• Ozili, Peterson K, 2015, "Determinants of Bank Profitability and Basel Capital Regulation: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 61048, Jan.
• Ozili, Peterson K, 2015, "Determinants of Bank Profitability and Basel Capital Regulation: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 61069, Jan.
• De Koning, Kees, 2015, "A Keynesian factor in monetary policy: the Economic Growth Incentive Method (EGIM)," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 61129, Jan.
• LONZO LUBU, Gastonfils & KABWE OMOYI, Fanny, 2015, "Intermediation Financiere Et Croissance Economique En Republique Democratique Du Congo
  [Financial Intermediation And Economic Growth In Dr Congo]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 61261, Jan.
• Peng, Yuchao & Yan, Lili, 2015, "Political Connections, Discriminatory Credit Constraint and Business Cycle," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 61439, Jan.
• Ali, Ashraf & M. Kabir, Hassan & Syed Abul, Basher, 2015, "Loan Loss Provisioning in OIC Countries: Evidence from Conventional vs. Islamic Banks," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 61687, Jan.
• Iosifidi, Maria & Kokas, Sotirios, 2015, "Who lends to riskier and lower-profitability firms? Evidence from the syndicated loan market," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 61942.
• De Koning, Kees, 2015, "The evil force of borrowing and the weakness of Quantitative Easing," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 61970, Feb.
• Papanikolaou, Nikolaos, 2015, "The road towards the establishment of the European Banking Union," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 62463, Feb.
• Francesco, Aiello & Graziella, Bonanno, 2015, "Looking at the determinants of efficiency in banking: evidence from Italian mutual-cooperatives," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 62486, Mar.
• Ozili, Peterson K, 2015, "Credit Smoothing and Determinants of Loan Loss Reserves. Evidence from Europe, US, Asia and Africa," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 62641, Mar.
• Sojeva, Diamanta, 2015, "Economic and legal advantages to business financing through the issuance of bonds," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 62751, Jan.
• Kishore Meghani, Kishore Meghani & Hari Krishna Karri, Hari Krishna Karri & Bharti Meghani Mishra, Bharti Meghani Mishra, 2015, "A Comparative Study On Financial Performance Of Public Sector Banks In India: An Analysis On Camel Model," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 62844, Mar.
• Huang, Daisy J. & Leung, Charles K. & Qu, Baozhi, 2015, "Do bank loans and local amenities explain Chinese urban house prices?," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 62853.
• Sambracos, Evangelos & Maniati, Marina, 2015, "Technical Efficiency of Shipping Banks: A DEA Approach," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 63131, Jan.
• Khan, Wajid & Sun, Shaorong & Khan, Ikramullah, 2015, "Sustainable Institutions or Sustainable Poverty Targeting: The Case of Microfinance," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 63587, Apr.
• Dhaoui, Elwardi, 2015, "The role of Islamic Microfinance in Poverty Alleviation: Lessons from Bangladesh Experience," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 63665, Mar.
• Roy Trivedi, Smita, 2015, "Banking Innovations and New Income Streams: Impact on Banks’ Performance," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 63678, Jan.
• Ozili, PK, 2015, "How Bank Managers Anticipate Non-Performing Loans. Evidence from Europe, US, Asia and Africa," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 63681.
• Ali, Muhammad & Raza, Syed Ali, 2015, "Factors affecting to select Islamic Credit Cards in Pakistan: The TRA Model," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 64037, Mar.
• Ali, Muhammad & Raza, Syed Ali, 2015, "Measurement of Service Quality Perception and Customer Satisfaction in Islamic Banks of Pakistan: Evidence from Modified SERVQUAL Model," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 64039, Apr.
• Aiello, Francesco & Bonanno, Graziella, 2015, "Multilevel empirics for small banks in local markets," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 64399, May.
• ZAGHDOUDI, Khemais & HAMDI, Helmi & DKHILI, Hichem & HAKIMI, Abdelaziz, 2015, "Bank Competition and Risk Appetite: Evidence from Tunisia," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 64475, May.
• RACHDI, Houssem & Hakimi, Abdelaziz & Hamdi, Helmi, 2015, "Financial Liberalization, Banking Crisis and Economic Growth in MENA Region: Do Institutions Matter?," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 64562, May.
• Gambetta Podesta, Renzo, 2015, "Microfinanzas en el Perú: Solvencia y Rentabilidad en las Cajas Municipales de Ahorro y Crédito
  [Microfinances in Peru: Solvency and Profitability in Municipal Savings and Loans Banks]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 64741, Mar.
• Tóth, József, 2015, "The Financial Background of the European Deposit Guarantee Schemes and the Resolution Mechanism," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 64794, Jun.
• Delis, Manthos & Hasan, Iftekhar & Tsionas, Efthymios, 2015, "Banks’ Risk Endogenous to Strategic Management Choices," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 64907, Jun.
• Arayssi, Mahmoud, 2015, "Captive Funds and Banks' Capital," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 64912, May.
• Troug, Haytem Ahmed & Sbia, Rashid, 2015, "The Relationship between Banking Competition and Stability in Developing Countries: The Case of Libya," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 64932.
• Othman, Arshad Nuval & Masih, Mansur, 2015, "Do profit and loss sharing (PLS) deposits also affect PLS financing? Evidence from Malaysia based on DOLS, FMOLS and system GMM techniques," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 65224, Jun.
• Seho, Mirzet & Masih, Mansur, 2015, "Risk sharing financing of Islamic banks: interest free or interest based?," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 65230, Jun.
• Mobin, Mohammad Ashraful & Alhabshi, Syed Othman & Masih, Mansur, 2015, "Religiosity and threshold effect in social and financial performance of microfinance institutions: System GMM and non-linear threshold approaches," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 65242, Jun.
• Nawaz, Ahmad & Iqbal, Sana, 2015, "Does Social Performance Drives Corporate Governance Mechanism in MFIs? An Issue of Endogeneity," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 65312, Feb.
• Nawaz, Ahmad & Iqbal, Sana, 2015, "Financial Performance And Corporate Governance In Microfinance: Who Drives Who? An Evidence From Asia," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 65327, Jun.
• Kopoin, Alexandre, 2015, "Cross-border Banking, Spillover Effects and International Business Cycles," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 65515, Feb, revised 06 Apr 2015.
• Zhou, Tim, 2015, "Failed bank auctions and externalities," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 65587, Jul.
• Alimi, R. Santos, 2015, "Financial deepening and economic growth: A System GMM Panel Analysis with application to 7 SSA countries," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 65789, Jul.
• Shamsudheen, Shinaj Valangattil & Masih, Mansur, 2015, "Does the conventional benchmark prop up non-performing loans in Islamic banks? A case study of Malaysia with ARDL Approach," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 65845, Jul.
• SIDIBE, Tidiani, 2015, "Yards implementation of Basel prudential framework and IFRS: some ideas for African banks
  [The yards of implementation of Basel prudential and IFRS: some ideas for African banks]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 65848, Jul.
• Temesvary, Judit & Ongena, Steven & Owen, Ann L., 2015, "A Global Lending Channel Unplugged? Does U.S. Monetary Policy Affect Cross-border and Affiliate Lending by Global U.S. Banks?," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 65913, Aug.
• Neagu, Florian & Tatarici, Luminita & Mihai, Irina, 2015, "Implementing Loan-to-Value and Debt Service-To-Income measures: A decade of Romanian experience," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 65988.
• Effiong, Ekpeno, 2015, "Financial Development, Institutions and Economic Growth: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 66085, Aug.
• Hassen, Toumi & Fakhri, Issaoui & Bilel, Ammouri & Wassim, Touili, 2015, "The Static and Dynamic Effects of Mergers and Acquisitions on Productivity in The period Post-Subprime Crise: An Empirical Application to the Banking Sector in the European Union," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 66134, Aug.
• Cheng, Gong & Mevis, Dirk, 2015, "What happened to profitability? Shocks, challenges and perspectives for euro area banks," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 66150, Aug.
• Malikov, Emir & Kumbhakar, Subal C. & Tsionas, Efthymios, 2015, "A Cost System Approach to the Stochastic Directional Technology Distance Function with Undesirable Outputs: The Case of U.S. Banks in 2001-2010," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 66490.
• Musgrave, Ralph S., 2015, "If banks do not have a 100% capital ratio, they are subsidised," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 66612, Sep.
• Das, Tiken, 2015, "Supply Driven Financial Inclusion of India- An Interstate Analysis," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 66658, Sep, revised 16 Sep 2015.
• Khosravi, Taha, 2015, "The bank lending channel: An empirical analysis of EU accession countries from 2004-2013," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 66795, Sep.
• Hasan, Zubair, 2015, "Risk-sharing: the sole basis of Islamic finance? It is time for a serious rethink," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 66895.
• Polterovich, Victor, 2015, "Корпоративные Программы Помощи Сотрудникам В Приобретении Жилья: Проблема Выбора Институциональной Структуры
  [Home Purchase Assistance Programs in Corporations: A Problem of Institutional Design]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 66981, Jun.
• Bojinov, Bojidar, 2015, "Flashes from the Past: Establishment of the Bulgarian national Bank as Central bank of Bulgaria," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 67233, Oct.
• Bojinov, Bojidar, 2015, "Flashes from the past: The Origin and development of banking in Bulgaria," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 67234, Oct.
• Bojinov, Bojidar, 2015, "Flashes from the Past: The Origin and development of banking supervision in Bulgaria," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 67235, Oct.
• Nwachukwu, Jacinta & Asongu, Simplice, 2015, "The Determinants of Interest Rates in Microbanks: Age and Scale," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 67298, Feb.
• Raputsoane, Leroi, 2015, "Alternative measures of credit extension for countercyclical buffer decisions in South Africa," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 67453, Oct.
• Fiordelisi, Franco & Mare, Davide Salvatore & Molyneux, Philip, 2015, "State-Aid, Stability and Competition in European Banking," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 67473, Sep.
• Elasrag, Hussein, 2015, "Corporate Social Responsibility: An Islamic Perspective," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 67537, May.
• Soldatos, Gerasimos T. & Varelas, Erotokritos, 2015, "Loan as a Durable Good and Bank Indirect-Tax Incidence," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 67588.
• Tóth, József, 2015, "Rules of remuneration of material risk takers and their implementation in the European Banks," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 67758, Nov.
• Mare, Davide Salvatore & Moreira, Fernando & Rossi, Roberto, 2015, "Nonstationary Z-score measures," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 67840, Nov.
• Ali, Muhammad & Raza, Syed Ali & Chin-Hong, Puah, 2015, "Islamic home financing in Pakistan: A SEM based approach using modified TPB model," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 67877, Sep, revised 02 Sep 2015.
• Ledenyov, Dimitri O. & Ledenyov, Viktor O., 2015, "Quantum money," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 67982, Nov.
• GHANEM, Yasmina & ACHOUCHE, Mohamed, 2015, "Impact du développement financier sur la dynamique de création des entreprises : évidence en données de panel sur les pays du MENA
  [Financial development impact on firm dynamic creation: panel data evidence on MENA countries]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 68125, Nov.
• Soldatos, Gerasimos T. & Varelas, Erotokritos, 2015, "Loan as a Durable Good and Bank Indirect-Tax Incidence," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 68220.
• Ozili, Peterson K, 2015, "Loan Loss Provisioning, Income Smoothing, Signaling, Capital Management and Procyclicality: Does IFRS Matter? Empirical Evidence from Nigeria," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 68350.
• Wild, Joerg, 2015, "Efficiency and Risk Convergence of Eurozone Financial Markets," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 68371, Sep.
• Sinha, Pankaj & Sharma, Sakshi & Ghosh, Sayan, 2015, "An empirical analysis of competition in the Indian Banking Sector in dynamic panel framework," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 68556, Nov, revised 28 Dec 2015.
• Sk. Mahmudul Alam, Mahmud, 2015, "Employee Turnover in MFIs: Reasons & Remedies," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 68646, Oct, revised 31 Dec 2015.
• Shaikh, Salman Ahmed, 2015, "Financial Inclusiveness in Islamic Banking: Comparison of Ideals and Practices Based on Maqasid-e-Shari’ah," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 68745, Nov.
• Shaikh, Salman Ahmed, 2015, "Panel Data Estimation of Liquidity Risk Determinants in Islamic Banks: A Case Study of Pakistan," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 68749, Dec.
• Sapovadia, Vrajlal, 2015, "Jaiz Bank, Nigeria: A Case Study on Non-Interest Bank," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 68763, Dec.
• Uddin, Md Akther, 2015, "Risk Management Practices in Islamic Bank: A Case Study of Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 68781, Dec.
• Aliyu, Shehu Usman Rano, 2015, "Developing Islamic Liquidity Management Instruments: Resolving the Impasse between Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and Jaiz Bank Plc," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 68898, Apr, revised 07 Feb 2016.
• Salahodjaev, Raufhon, 2015, "Intelligence and finance," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 68950.
• Zaghdoudi, Taha, 2015, "Monetary policy, excessive risk-taking and banking crisis," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 69547, Jul.
• Gordon, Leo-Rey, 2015, "The Absorption Ratio as an Indicator for Macro-prudential Monitoring in Jamaica," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 69966.
• Nakashima, Kiyotaka, 2015, "An Econometric Evaluation of Bank Recapitalization Programs with Bank- and Loan-level Data," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 70704, Sep.
• Ellis Kofi, Akwaa-Sekyi & Portia, Bosompra, 2015, "Determinants of business loan default in Ghana," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 71961, Nov.
• Waemustafa, Waeibrorheem & Abdullah, Azrul, 2015, "Mode of Islamic Bank Financing: Does Effectiveness of Shariah Supervisory Board Matter?," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 72766.
• Kronick, Jeremy, 2015, "Do Loan-to-Value Ratio Regulation Changes Affect Canadian Mortgage Credit?," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 73671, Apr.
• Uslu, Semih, 2015, "Pricing and Liquidity in Decentralized Asset Markets," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 73901, Nov, revised 21 Sep 2016.
• Rahimi, Lutfi, 2015, "Does microfinance elevate poverty? Does family size matter in the provision of microcredit? Evidence from a randomised evaluation," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 73906, Apr.
• Ghassan, Hassan B. & Taher, Farid B., 2015, "Financial Stability of Islamic and Conventional Banks in Saudi Arabia: Evidence using Pooled and Panel Models," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 75460, Jan, revised Jan 2015.
• Lapukeni, Angella-Faith, 2015, "Financial Inclusion, ICBT And The Role Of ICT In COMESA," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 75631, Jun, revised 31 Sep 2015.
• Lojschova, Adriana & Wagner, Karin & Schmidt, Alexander & Akantziliotou, Calliope & Dujardin, Marine & Kennedy, Gerard & Pontuch, Peter, 2015, "Report on residential real estate and financial stability in the EU, Section 1. on Structural features of residential real estate markets," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 79723, Dec.
• Tulung, Joy Elly & Ramdani, Dendi, 2015, "The Influence of Top Management Team Characteristics on BPD Performance," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 79906, revised 2016.
• Jaffery, Ada & Mamoon, Dawood, 2015, "Socio-economic Perspective of Microfinance as a poverty reduction tool," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 81485, Jan.
• Trad, Naama & Trabelsi, Mohamed Ali & Goux, Jean-François, 2015, "Risk and profitability of islamic banks: a religious deception or an alternative solution?," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 82903, revised 2015.
• Onanuga, Abayomi & Oshinloye, Michael & Onanuga, Olaronke, 2015, "Is the Nigerian Commercial Banking Industry Experiencing any Competition? An Empirical Approach," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 83333, Dec, revised 15 Apr 2016.
• Dinc, Yusuf, 2015, "Conversion From Shadow Banking to Regular Banking an Emperical Analysis," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 85333, Apr.
• Petkov, Ivan, 2015, "Small Business Lending and the Bank-Branch Network," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 85762, Jan, revised 13 Oct 2017.
• Abdelrahman, Abdelrahman Yousri, 2015, "Does Islamic banking help in economic development of Muslim countries?," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 88387, revised 2016.
• Abozaid, Abdulazeem, 2015, "بطاقات الائتمان: قضايا اقتصادية وشرعية معاصرة
  [Credit cards: contemporary economic and Shariah issues]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 93058.
• Mayo, Robert, 2015, "Hidden Risk: Detecting Fraud in Chinese Banks’ Non-performing Loan Data," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 98435.
• Svetlana Andrianova & Badi Baltagi & Thorsten Beck & Panicos Demetriades & David Fielding & Stephen G. Hall & Steven F. Koch & Robert Lensink & Johan Rewilak & Peter Rousseau, 2015, "A New International Database on Financial Fragility," Working Papers, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics, number 201557, Aug.
• Jaroslav Tichý, 2015, "Risks of Mortgage Loans in the Czech Republic," ACTA VSFS, University of Finance and Administration, volume 9, issue 1, pages 59-73.
• Naďa Blahová, 2015, "Analysis of the Relation between Macroprudential and Microprudential Policy," European Financial and Accounting Journal, Prague University of Economics and Business, volume 2015, issue 1, pages 33-47, DOI: 10.18267/j.efaj.136.
• Saša Obradović & Milka Grbić, 2015, "Causality Relationship between Financial Intermediation by Banks and Economic Growth: Evidence from Serbia," Prague Economic Papers, Prague University of Economics and Business, volume 2015, issue 1, pages 60-72, DOI: 10.18267/j.pep.500.
• Mejra Festić, 2015, "The Stability of the Credit Supply in the Globalized Banking Sector Environment: The Case of the EU New Member States-10," Prague Economic Papers, Prague University of Economics and Business, volume 2015, issue 4, pages 386-398, DOI: 10.18267/j.pep.543.