I have searched in Magento 2 developer documentation and also googled about the new Magento 2 GET URL method but haven't found something clear that explain how to get url path in new platform.
So I open up this post to complete with your help the missing commands and help also other user searching for the same argument.
The Magento 1 Platform
GET PRODUCT URL <?php echo $this->helper('catalog/product')->getProductUrl($_product); ?> GET ATTRIBUTE <?php echo $_product->getData('manufacturer'); ?> <?php echo $_product->getSku(); ?> GET PRODUCT NAME <?php echo $_product->getName(); ?> GET DESCRIPTION <?php echo strip_tags($_product->getDescription()); ?> GET KEYWORDS <?php echo htmlspecialchars($this->getKeywords()) ?> GET PRODUCT IMAGE <?php echo $this->helper('catalog/image')->init($_product, 'image')->resize(300, 300); ?> The Magento 2 Platform
GET BASE URL This is the only reference I have found <?php echo $block->getBaseUrl(); ?> if I try all other Magento 1 parameters to get the URL/ATTRIBUTE/NAME etc. Magento 2 crash.