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Sep 9, 2010 at 9:35 comment added Andrea Mori Moreover the conditions on the coefficients are those that characterize the points in the simplex spanned by the vectors (just two vectors, in this case), which is the convex hull of the points P_0. P_1 and P_2, i.e. the triangle that they define. Everything generalizes straightforwardly in arbitrary dimension.
Sep 9, 2010 at 9:33 comment added Andrea Mori Michael's solution is correct. If P is your test point, first of all you want the three vectors P_1-P_0, P_2-P_0 and P-P_0 to be coplanar, i.e. linerly dependent. That's the linear equation in x and y whose solvability is equivalent to the vanishing of some determinant (as noted also by others).
Sep 9, 2010 at 8:49 comment added J. M. ain't a mathematician Hmm... so it's an overdetermined system. Would least squares apply here, or is there a specialized method for this problem?
Sep 9, 2010 at 8:32 history edited Michael Ulm CC BY-SA 2.5
added 5 characters in body; added 5 characters in body
Sep 9, 2010 at 8:31 comment added Michael Ulm @Jonas Kibelbek: Good Catch. Corrected.
Sep 9, 2010 at 8:31 comment added Michael Ulm @J.M. Yes, these are three equations (one for each dimension) in the two skalar unknowns x and y.
Sep 9, 2010 at 8:19 comment added J. M. ain't a mathematician Michael, I'm trying to understand your solution... is this three equations in two unknowns?
Sep 9, 2010 at 8:16 comment added Jonas Kibelbek I believe this should say x*(P_1-P_0)+y*(P_2-P_0)=P-P_0.
Sep 9, 2010 at 7:54 vote accept Graviton
Sep 9, 2010 at 7:18 history answered Michael Ulm CC BY-SA 2.5