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Sep 7 at 15:37 comment added orangeskid maybe worth mentioning that Szemerédi's theorem would take care right away of the case of prime $q$... probably the character method gives much better estimates
Sep 6 at 12:33 comment added Jyrki Lahtonen There is also the trivial observation that all the elements of $\Bbb{F}_q$ are squares of elements of $\Bbb{F}_{q^2}$. So if $q$ is a square, the question is trivial as long as $p>7$. Surely, that is a non-interesting case, and doesn't cover as much ground as you would like to :-)
Sep 5 at 3:33 vote accept Chris Wolird
Sep 4 at 15:35 history became hot network question
Sep 4 at 8:46 answer added Jyrki Lahtonen timeline score: 6
Sep 4 at 8:08 comment added Jyrki Lahtonen Ok @Gerry, didn't look carefully. My comment was just a knee-jerk reaction saying that the claim in boldface is trivially wrong for all the fields of characteristic $2,3,5$ or $7$, so size alone won't do. Wonder why she even mentions characters other than the Legendre character?
Sep 4 at 7:58 comment added Gerry Myerson @Jyrki, $q$ disappears from the calculation early on, thereafter only $p$ appears, and the end result is given as $p>769^2$, so I think that takes care of your comment.
Sep 4 at 7:51 comment added Jyrki Lahtonen Presumably you have a constraint on the characteristic :-) After all, in characteristic $p$ every arithmetic progression loops back to itself after $p$ steps.
Sep 4 at 5:38 history asked Chris Wolird CC BY-SA 4.0