As in Xander's answer, / can be used as a delimiter (i.e. like like ()[]|, by which I mean its adjusted by the commands \left, \right, \middle, and also \big, \Big, \bigg, and \Bigg.
For instance, $A/B\big/C\Big/D\bigg/E\Bigg/$ gives $A/B\big/C\Big/D\bigg/E\Bigg/$.
PS the slash slanting the other way can be achieved with $\Bigg\backslash$$\Bigg\backslash$.
Another way to create a slanted line is with the cancel package. Unfortunately it needs something to cancel; so I've used \phantom to make an invisible $2\times 3$ matrix to cancel, then the sub/superscript idea of Xander and some negative \hspace to achieve: $$\require{cancel}M= {}^{\displaystyle \begin{pmatrix}% A & B \\% C & D% \end{pmatrix} + 1 % }% \hspace{-3.5em}\cancel{\phantom{\begin{pmatrix}% A & B & C \\% C & D & C% \end{pmatrix}}}% _{% \displaystyle \hspace{-3em} \begin{pmatrix}% E & F \\% G & H% \end{pmatrix}.% }% $$ Definitely hacky but it seems fine in the three MathJax renderers I tried (SVG, common HTML, and HTML-CSS). Code below-
$$ \require{cancel} M= {}^{\displaystyle \begin{pmatrix}% A & B \\% C & D% \end{pmatrix} + 1 % }% \hspace{-3.5em}\cancel{\phantom{\begin{pmatrix}% . & . & . \\% . & . & .% \end{pmatrix}}}% _{% \displaystyle \hspace{-3em} \begin{pmatrix}% E & F \\% G & H% \end{pmatrix}.% }% $$