Therefore, ID'ing a snippet as regex is really saying "identify this snippet as the defined identifier for regex". This happens to be lang-default, which is really a shortcut to tell the highlighter to "guess" what the correct highlight should be, which in this specific case, becomes markdownMarkdown.
Popping open the console to take a look at the first snippet here will still show class="lang-regex s-code-block hljs", even though it's getting highlighted as markdownMarkdown. I believe this is due to how highlight.js works. It appears it never actually changes the identifier class name itself, but rather injects the child syntax classes underneath it in regardless.