At the software design level, I would argue that Composite, Strategy and Template (and to a lesser extend, Factory) are the most widely usage. For the last decade or so we have seen a preference for composition over inheritance when building our systems using a OO design. As a result, combination of the patterns just mentioned play a much more important role than all others IMO.

Architecturally, I'd argue for MVC on the enterprise, and patterns based on state machines on the embedded side of things.