There is also a related question on the economics stackEconomics site: https://economics.stackexchange.com/questions/4679/what-are-some-good-repositories-for-economic-data
Answers from there: The American Economic Association has a list of resources for Economistseconomists, including a page for data. There you find links to many institutions that offer all kinds of data, as well as further journals with data archives for the studies they publish.
In the ReplicationWiki (that I work on) we have information on more than 2000 empirical studies, and you can search for which one what kind of data, software, and methods were used, if the material is available, and if replications are known. Many studies can be browsed by JEL codes or keywords. The categorization of data sources and geographical origin of data remains very incomplete but it is a wiki, so everyone can contribute and make suggestions.