As far as I’m aware, the last FPU-less x86-compatible CPU which could still be considered general-purpose is the Vortex86SX, released in 2007 and still available now. This is a Pentium-class CPU, capable of running any Pentium code which doesn’t require an FPU. It is targeted at embedded applications, with up to 512 MiB of RAM, and includes a PCI bus, USB, Ethernet, IDE, etc. It can run Linux.
Intel themselves produced FPU-less x86-compatible micro-controllers later still, in 2015: the Quark D1000 and D2000, 32 MHz Pentium-class MCUs with 8 KiB and 32 KiB of RAM respectively, and the Quark SE C1000, with 80 KiB of RAM. These were opportunistically targeted at IoT applications, and low-power applications in general. It is still possible to buy them, for a few more months.
The last x86-compatible desktop CPU designed without an FPU was probably NexGen’s Nx586, introduced in 1994, which was supposed to compete with the Intel Pentium but didn’t integrate an FPU initially. The last FPU-less CPU in that range was the Nx586-P133, introduced in late 1995.