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But popping out from a single location, they're “hiding” behind? No, that won't grant advantage, because just like in the melee situation, the attacker is immediately seen once they move out from their hiding spot to line up the next shot.

But popping out from hiding in a single location before attacking? No, that won't grant advantage, because just like in the melee situation, the attacker is immediately seen once they move out from their hiding spot to line up the next shot.

1. Yes, they can duck behind the corner and hide. All they need to do to be allowed to hide is breaking line of sight.

2. No, they can't just pop back out and sneak attack. To sneak attack they need advantage, and to get that from being unseen they have to still be unseen when then attack (PHB, p. 195):

   When a creature can't see you, you have advantage on attack rolls against it.

   Unfortunately for the rogue, as soon as they pop out in front of an attacker that's already aware of their presence they are immediately seen and no longer count as unseen when they attack (PHB, p. 177):

   In combat, most creatures stay alert for signs of danger all around, so if you come out of hiding and approach a creature, it usually sees you.

But popping out from a single location they're “hiding” behind? No, that won't grant advantage, because just like in the melee situation, the attacker is immediately seen once they move out from their hiding spot to line up the next shot.

1. Yes, they can duck behind the corner and hide. All they need to do to be allowed to hide is break line of sight.

2. No, they can't just pop back out and sneak attack. To sneak attack, they need advantage, and to get that from being unseen they have to still be unseen when they attack (PHB, p. 195):

   When a creature can't see you, you have advantage on attack rolls against it.

   Unfortunately for the rogue, as soon as they pop out in front of an attacker that's already aware of their presence, they are immediately seen and no longer count as unseen when they attack (PHB, p. 177):

   In combat, most creatures stay alert for signs of danger all around, so if you come out of hiding and approach a creature, it usually sees you.

But popping out from a single location, they're “hiding” behind? No, that won't grant advantage, because just like in the melee situation, the attacker is immediately seen once they move out from their hiding spot to line up the next shot.

So to make this work at range, they need to arrange circumstances somehow to defeat that. The usual way to do this with ranged attacks is to

1. attack while unseen (usually in cover), revealing their location,
2. either have attacked while in cover, or move to break line of sight or into cover,
3. hide now that they're somewhere that allows a Stealth check,
4. move to a new location without that movement being seen, to make their location unknown again,
5. then, attack from their new location, unseen.

Well then, do it the simple way: an enemy that has an ally of the rogue's adjacent to it can also be Sneak Attacked. That allows Sneak Attack every round with no need to fiddle with movement or hiding or seen/unseen variables. Just flank and shiv.

So to make this work at range, they need to arrange fictional circumstances somehow to defeat that. The usual way to do this with ranged attacks is to

1. attack while unseen (usually in cover¹), revealing their location,
2. either have attacked while in cover, or move to break line of sight or into cover,
3. hide now that they're somewhere that allows a Stealth check,
4. move to a new location without that movement being seen, to make their location unknown again,
5. then, attack from their new location, unseen.

Well then, do it the simple way: an enemy that has an ally of the rogue's adjacent to it can also be Sneak Attacked. That allows Sneak Attack every round with no need to fiddle with movement or hiding or seen/unseen variables. Just flank and shiv.

^{1. This post uses “cover” in the dictionary word's tactical sense, to describe the activity happening in the game fiction. Whether that cover is mechanically represented with Obscurement (PHB, p. 183) or Cover (p. 196) will depend on the exact circumstances as adjudicated by the DM on the scene, as is appropriate.}