C# generally is going to have a larger user base, more development in the future, and the tools for RAD development through Visual Studio are unbelievable.
- The syntax will be similar to that you used in PHP and C.
- Visual Studio with its tools and IntelliSense is extremely productive.
- MSDN
- Again, VS tools + Intellisense, but speed really comes from a familiarity of your language and its features.
- VS designer for WinForms, WPF.
- System.Threading and System.Net
I do not have much experience with Delphi, and I am just speaking about my experiences with C# in general. Where I work, I have extremely tight deadlines envisioned by non-programmers, and I am able to pump out line of business desktop applications extremely fast. In the last three weeks, I went from specification to deployment on two winforms LOB applications. The productivity for GUI development in C# with VS is just crazy.