‘Orthogonal’ means independantindependent of each other. That implies that no information is duplicated or repeated in two variables, like a server name, and then a connection string that contains the server name.
In your example, database host, port, username, and password, would all be orthogonal, as they are not repetingrepeating anything, and are independantlyindependently changeable (unless you repeat tethe port withinthewithin the database host variable, which makes little sense)