Answer to your question: No, the compiler implements Enums as ints. (In the rare case that you have too many enum valuesafter a negligible time to store as intsload the Enum Class, it uses longsthe performance is the same.)
As others have stated both types can be used in switch or if else statements. Also, as others have stated, you should favor Enums over int flags, because they were designed to replace that pattern and they provide added safety.
HOWEVER, there is a better pattern that you consider. Providing whatever value your switch statement/if statement was supposed to produce as property.
Look at this link: http://docs.oracle.com/javase/1.5.0/docs/guide/language/enums.html Notice the pattern provided for giving the planets masses and radii. Providing the property in this manner insures that you won't forget to cover a case if you add an enum.