GCC warning to identify copying structures that contains pointers

The answer is no. See the list of gcc warning options.

Given the same page, warnings are:

Warnings are diagnostic messages that report constructions that are not inherently erroneous but that are risky or suggest there may have been an error.

And shallow copy instead of a deep copy is neither risky nor erroneous as it may be an intended behavior. So there is no reason for such warning option to exist.

What you may want is a static analyzer such as clang's one, though in my knowledge this one doesn't offer that kind of functionality.

I remember seeing precisely such a warning with -Weffc++

Of course, you'd have to be willing to compile in c++ mode. (See below)

Edit I tested it: Sadly, this won't warn about POD (i.e.) C types. Here is the test:

struct HasPointer { int* resource; HasPointer() {}; ~HasPointer() {}; }; 

Compiled with

E:\mingw64>g++ test.c -Weffc++ 

Outputs

test.c:1:8: warning: 'struct HasPointer' has pointer data members [-Weffc++] struct HasPointer ^ test.c:1:8: warning: but does not override 'HasPointer(const HasPointer&)' [-Weffc++] test.c:1:8: warning: or 'operator=(const HasPointer&)' [-Weffc++] test.c: In constructor 'HasPointer::HasPointer()': 

But leaving the ctor/dtor out, the warning isn't even emitted, so this option doesn't work for your code, even in C++ compile mode.

Compiling C code in C++ mode:

(Use extern "C") to achieve binary interoperability. It is usually as simple as

extern "C" { # include "my.h" # include "stuff.h" // ... }