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I am trying to implement a simple c++ program which takes an input string with punctuation characters and return an output string removing those punctuations. The program is

#include<iostream> #include<cctype> using namespace std; int main() { int index=0; string sequence1,sequence2; cout<<"enter the sequence"<<endl; getline(cin,sequence1); for(index=0;index<20;++index) if(!ispunct(sequence1[index])) sequence2[index]=sequence1[index]; cout<<sequence2<<endl; return 0; }

It gives me an error saying ld returned 1 exit status.The total error is 

progprac: In function `_start': (.text+0x0): multiple definition of `_start' /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o:(.text+0x0): first defined here progprac: In function `_fini': (.fini+0x0): multiple definition of `_fini' /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o:(.fini+0x0): first defined here progprac:(.rodata+0x0): multiple definition of `_IO_stdin_used' /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o:(.rodata.cst4+0x0): first defined here progprac: In function `__data_start': (.data+0x0): multiple definition of `__data_start' /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o:(.data+0x0): first defined here progprac: In function `__data_start': (.data+0x8): multiple definition of `__dso_handle' /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/crtbegin.o:(.data+0x0): first defined here progprac: In function `_init': (.init+0x0): multiple definition of `_init' /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o:(.init+0x0): first defined here /tmp/ccpOfw2A.o: In function `main': progprac.cc:(.text+0x0): multiple definition of `main' progprac:(.text+0xe4): first defined here /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/crtend.o:(.dtors+0x0): multiple definition of `__DTOR_END__' progprac:(.dtors+0x8): first defined here /usr/bin/ld: error in progprac(.eh_frame); no .eh_frame_hdr table will be created. collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

I checked online that it is a linker error where you declare a function and not define it. But I haven't made such an error. What is the error?

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  • 1
    Your code compiles fine: link. Commented Jun 10, 2013 at 13:14
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    Please include the complete linker error message Commented Jun 10, 2013 at 13:15
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    U used g++ for compiling? Commented Jun 10, 2013 at 13:45
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    @talasila It's not compiler problem. It's problem of the build system. Can you specify how you are trying to build your source file? Commented Jun 10, 2013 at 13:50
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    @talasila g++ -o progprac progprac.cc? or alternatively g++ progprac.cc to create an executable a.out Commented Jun 10, 2013 at 13:59

1 Answer 1

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You missed the -o in compile line,

g++ -o progprac progprac.cc

After resolving 1st problem,

You have created a blank string sequence2 and in your for loop you make a if check to assign value to sequence2 and you use index as a subscript for it. In some cases, (where there are punctuation marks you don't assign anything to that character position of sequence2). That can be a source of trouble as the string is still "" .

If you use sequence2.at(index) it says out of range, which means the string does not exist[no characters] at those locations.

If you use + operator, you eliminate those issues, because you concatenate the characters to your existing string (starting with "")

 sequence2 += sequence1[index];
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