How add variable values to string?

Question

 File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\requests\models.py", line 441, in prepare_headers for header in headers.items(): AttributeError: 'set' object has no attribute 'items'

How can i add a variable to my header? I'm trying to send a web request with cookies but i don't know how to add variables to the header part code:

headersx = { """ 'cookie': '__cfduid='%s'; PHPSESSID='%s'; lang=de; CF-RAY='%s', """ %(cfuid, phpid, cfray) } response = requests.get('https://10minutemail.net/', headers=headersx)

You can easily interpolate strings or concatenate them using the + operator. Is there anything else that needs to be done here? — Anderson Green
– Anderson Green, Commented Mar 24, 2017 at 20:59

Satish Prakash Garg · Accepted Answer · 2017-03-24 21:13:35Z

You can achieve this something like this :

headersx = { 'cookie': '__cfduid={}; PHPSESSID={}; lang=de; CF-RAY={}'.format(cfuid, phpid, cfray) }

Alternatively, using String Formatting, you can do something like this :

headersx = { 'cookie': '__cfduid=%s; PHPSESSID=%s; lang=de; CF-RAY=%s' % (cfuid, phpid, cfray) }

For cfuid = 'a', phpid = 'b' and cfray = 'c', the headersx dictionary will result in :

{'cookie': '__cfduid=a; PHPSESSID=b; lang=de; CF-RAY=c'}

Note that dictionary needs to have key value pairs separated by colon(:) .

Barmar · Accepted Answer · 2017-03-24 20:59:59Z

When creating a dictionary, you shouldn't put the whole key : value into a single string.

headersx = { 'cookie': '__cfduid='%s'; PHPSESSID='%s'; lang=de; CF-RAY='%s'%(cfuid, phpid, cfray) }

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