For example I have a file named file2 that echoes something.
So in the shell, after typing this
# ./file2 It shows
Permission denied
Where am I wrong here?
- You're trying to execute a file that you don't have permission to. Either your don't have the proper privileges or the file cannot be executed.Jacob G.– Jacob G.2017-04-17 00:42:25 +00:00Commented Apr 17, 2017 at 0:42
- 1The duplicate is a duplicate of the question in your title - which is a different question from what you have in the question body.Benjamin W.– Benjamin W.2017-04-17 02:30:55 +00:00Commented Apr 17, 2017 at 2:30
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2 Answers
You are trying to execute a file and you do not have the right permissions for this. When you create a new Bash script with your text editor (let's say Vim), you should have the following permissions: -rw-r--r--. As a user, you can then read and write this file, but you cannot execute it with ./.
If you want to execute a file without changing permissions, you can use the following command:
bash myFile.sh.If you want to execute a file with
./, you will have to modify permissions. Something like that is OK:chmod +x myFile.sh.If you do not want to struggle with
./and prefer to callmyFile.shfrom anywhere like other built-in commands, move the executable file in a directory that is in your PATH./usr/local/binshould be a wise choice. Check your PATH withecho $PATH, just in case...
2 Comments
Jonathan Leffler
I'd suggest
$HOME/bin is a better choice (by far) for random commands. Only commands that might be useful to everyone on the machine belong in /usr/local/bin.
Badacadabra
@JonathanLeffler Thanks for your comment. You are perfectly right. I suggested
/usr/local/bin for convenience, but using $HOME/bin is better. ;). refers to the current working directory and .. refers to the parent directory. So ./file2 means "execute the file named file2 in the current directory". Without the ./, the shell will search for file2 in all the directories of your PATH. If you want to execute it, add the execute bit with chmod +x ./file2 and try again. If you just want to view it, try less ./file2
