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    $\begingroup$ This clearly isn't the "real" answer to the question (perhaps this is more of a comment than an answer), but the mnemonic is clearly one that a lot of people find useful. $\endgroup$ Commented Feb 20, 2016 at 20:19
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    $\begingroup$ More "biological" than "anatomical", I was taught (though I suspect the "reason" was invented in retrospect, rather than being the original) that 0 is used for female as it's the "default" sex - the belief being that in embryological development, the female pathway is taken unless intervening processes push the embryo to differentiate down the male pathway. This was once a widespread belief, but is now considered outdated: the female pathway also needs to be actively triggered. $\endgroup$ Commented Feb 20, 2016 at 20:23
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    $\begingroup$ In this case, shouldn't men be coded as "00". $\endgroup$ Commented Feb 21, 2016 at 2:29