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    $\begingroup$ (1|day/station) means (1|day) + (1|day:station), so it's a random effect of day and a random effect of day:station interaction. An interaction between random factor and a fixed factor is random. There is no random effect of station alone here (because station is random). So Ben's answer is correct. $\endgroup$ Commented Jul 4, 2018 at 8:33
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    $\begingroup$ Regarding (day|station), I don't see how it makes sense if station is fixed. $\endgroup$ Commented Jul 4, 2018 at 8:34
  • $\begingroup$ Thanks @amoeba. In the first comment you wrote "(because station is random)", but I think you meant "fixed", or am I wrong? $\endgroup$ Commented Jul 12, 2018 at 23:52
  • $\begingroup$ Regarding the (1|day/station), I was confused because I thought the / symbol always meant nested random effects like in the (1|school/class) situation in which school and class are both random effects. But if I understand it correctly, the (1|A/B) syntax could also mean random effect of A plus random effect of A-B interaction. This is somewhat confusing, how does lmer distinguish between nested random effects and random-fixed interaction effect? $\endgroup$ Commented Jul 12, 2018 at 23:54
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    $\begingroup$ @RobertLong I honestly don't remember these discussions anymore :-) It's a been a while since I last thought about mixed models and repeated measures. But if you feel like updating/amending your answer in the linked thread, I'd be happy to re-read the whole discussion and will be happy to accept the answer if we think the question is resolved. $\endgroup$ Commented Jan 6, 2024 at 13:38