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  • $\begingroup$ This seems like a major disadvantage of R compared to SAS, which offers a large variety of choices. But I wonder if there is a work around. $\endgroup$ Commented Dec 3, 2023 at 11:36
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    $\begingroup$ @PeterFlom This is a limitation of the lme4 package, not of $\textsf{R}$. Other package, such as nlme, implement R-side effects or covariance structures. $\endgroup$ Commented Dec 3, 2023 at 13:09
  • $\begingroup$ @statmerkur That makes sense and is good to know. I've retired, but when I was working, I mostly used SAS. These days, I don't have access to it (it's expensive) and my R knowledge is somewhat lacking. $\endgroup$ Commented Dec 3, 2023 at 13:21
  • $\begingroup$ @PeterFlom I have also read that by fitting random slopes for the time variable, this results in something similar to an AR1 structure. I have probably got that wrong (AR1 that is), I'm not entirely sure what exactly it does do (that was going to be the subject of a further question. I just didn't want to ask too much in one go!) $\endgroup$ Commented Dec 3, 2023 at 16:53
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    $\begingroup$ I've seen conflicting information but always assumed lme4 did unstructured only. This page shows how you can trick it into fitting certain structured covariances - never tried though & looks complicated. $\endgroup$ Commented Dec 3, 2023 at 18:49