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EDIT:

Damn, looks like miktex no longer saves the pdftex log somewhere. Open a command line in some empty test folder and then run pdftex --ini --enable-etex pdflatex.ini this should hopefully write a pdflatex.log in this folder. Or you can at least see in the terminal where it stops. – Ulrike Fischer

The resulting pdflatex.log:

2018-10-05 09:45:12,618+0200 INFO pdftex - starting with command line: pdftex --ini --enable-etex pdflatex.ini 2018-10-05 09:45:12,618+0200 INFO pdftex - allowing known shell commands 2018-10-05 09:45:12,618+0200 INFO pdftex - enabling input (output) from (to) processes 2018-10-05 09:45:12,649+0200 FATAL pdftex - Windows API error 5: Zugriff verweigert 2018-10-05 09:45:12,649+0200 FATAL pdftex - Info: path="C:\Programme\MiKTeX_2.9\tex\latex\00miktex\pdflatex.ini" 2018-10-05 09:45:12,649+0200 FATAL pdftex - Source: Libraries\MiKTeX\Core\PathName\PathName.cpp 2018-10-05 09:45:12,649+0200 FATAL pdftex - Line: 156 2018-10-05 09:45:12,665+0200 INFO pdftex - finishing with exit code 1 

EDIT:

Well I hope you learned that "simply reinstall everything" is not the best strategy to solve problems. miktex can't create the format file, so you need to find out why. Go to the miktex console, settings -> tab format. Select pdflatex and click on build. If it fails you perhaps get the real log-file. - Ulrike Fischer

After doing this, the build failed, the error message refers to this log initexmf_admin.log:

2018-10-05 02:14:23,267+0200 INFO initexmf - starting: MiKTeX Configuration Utility 2.9.6811 (MiKTeX 2.9.6840 64-bit) 2018-10-05 02:14:23,267+0200 INFO initexmf - Operating on the shared (system-wide) MiKTeX setup 2018-10-05 02:14:23,267+0200 INFO initexmf - starting with command line: initexmf --rmfndb --admin --log-file=C:\Programme\MiKTeX_2.9\miktex/config\uninst.log --disable-installer --verbose 2018-10-05 02:14:23,267+0200 INFO initexmf - finishing with exit code 0 2018-10-05 02:14:23,670+0200 INFO initexmf - starting: MiKTeX Configuration Utility 2.9.6811 (MiKTeX 2.9.6840 64-bit) 2018-10-05 02:14:23,670+0200 INFO initexmf - Operating on the shared (system-wide) MiKTeX setup 2018-10-05 02:14:23,670+0200 INFO initexmf - starting with command line: initexmf --update-fndb --admin --log-file=C:\Programme\MiKTeX_2.9\miktex/config\uninst.log --disable-installer --verbose 2018-10-05 02:14:23,670+0200 INFO initexmf - Skipping user root directory (C:\Users\user\AppData\Roaming\MiKTeX\2.9)... 2018-10-05 02:14:23,670+0200 INFO initexmf - Skipping user root directory (C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\MiKTeX\2.9)... 2018-10-05 02:14:23,670+0200 INFO initexmf - Creating fndb for common root directory (C:\ProgramData\MiKTeX\2.9)... 2018-10-05 02:14:23,717+0200 INFO initexmf - Creating fndb for common root directory (C:\Programme\MiKTeX_2.9)... 2018-10-05 02:14:38,025+0200 INFO initexmf - finishing with exit code 0 2018-10-05 02:14:38,344+0200 INFO initexmf - starting: MiKTeX Configuration Utility 2.9.6811 (MiKTeX 2.9.6840 64-bit) 2018-10-05 02:14:38,344+0200 INFO initexmf - Operating on the shared (system-wide) MiKTeX setup 2018-10-05 02:14:38,344+0200 INFO initexmf - starting with command line: initexmf --force --mklinks --admin --log-file=C:\Programme\MiKTeX_2.9\miktex/config\uninst.log --disable-installer --verbose 2018-10-05 02:14:38,750+0200 INFO initexmf - finishing with exit code 0 2018-10-05 02:14:39,078+0200 INFO initexmf - starting: MiKTeX Configuration Utility 2.9.6811 (MiKTeX 2.9.6840 64-bit) 2018-10-05 02:14:39,078+0200 INFO initexmf - Operating on the shared (system-wide) MiKTeX setup 2018-10-05 02:14:39,078+0200 INFO initexmf - starting with command line: initexmf --mkmaps --mklangs --admin --log-file=C:\Programme\MiKTeX_2.9\miktex/config\uninst.log --disable-installer --verbose 2018-10-05 02:14:39,078+0200 INFO initexmf - Creating language.dat, language.dat.lua and language.def... 2018-10-05 02:14:39,141+0200 INFO initexmf - running: mkfntmap --verbose --admin --disable-installer 2018-10-05 02:18:07,080+0200 INFO initexmf - finishing with exit code 0 2018-10-05 02:18:07,395+0200 INFO initexmf - starting: MiKTeX Configuration Utility 2.9.6811 (MiKTeX 2.9.6840 64-bit) 2018-10-05 02:18:07,395+0200 INFO initexmf - Operating on the shared (system-wide) MiKTeX setup 2018-10-05 02:18:07,395+0200 INFO initexmf - starting with command line: initexmf --default-paper-size=A4 --admin --log-file=C:\Programme\MiKTeX_2.9\miktex/config\uninst.log --disable-installer --verbose 2018-10-05 02:18:07,442+0200 INFO initexmf - finishing with exit code 0 2018-10-05 02:18:07,754+0200 INFO initexmf - starting: MiKTeX Configuration Utility 2.9.6811 (MiKTeX 2.9.6840 64-bit) 2018-10-05 02:18:07,754+0200 INFO initexmf - Operating on the shared (system-wide) MiKTeX setup 2018-10-05 02:18:07,754+0200 INFO initexmf - starting with command line: initexmf --set-config-value=[MPM]AutoInstall=1 --admin --log-file=C:\Programme\MiKTeX_2.9\miktex/config\uninst.log --disable-installer --verbose 2018-10-05 02:18:07,785+0200 INFO initexmf - finishing with exit code 0 2018-10-05 02:18:08,113+0200 INFO initexmf - starting: MiKTeX Configuration Utility 2.9.6811 (MiKTeX 2.9.6840 64-bit) 2018-10-05 02:18:08,113+0200 INFO initexmf - Operating on the shared (system-wide) MiKTeX setup 2018-10-05 02:18:08,113+0200 INFO initexmf - starting with command line: initexmf --update-fndb --admin --log-file=C:\Programme\MiKTeX_2.9\miktex/config\uninst.log --disable-installer --verbose 2018-10-05 02:18:08,113+0200 INFO initexmf - Skipping user root directory (C:\Users\user\AppData\Roaming\MiKTeX\2.9)... 2018-10-05 02:18:08,113+0200 INFO initexmf - Skipping user root directory (C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\MiKTeX\2.9)... 2018-10-05 02:18:08,145+0200 INFO initexmf - Creating fndb for common root directory (C:\ProgramData\MiKTeX\2.9)... 2018-10-05 02:18:08,207+0200 INFO initexmf - Creating fndb for common root directory (C:\Programme\MiKTeX_2.9)... 2018-10-05 02:18:22,365+0200 INFO initexmf - finishing with exit code 0 2018-10-05 02:18:22,677+0200 INFO initexmf - starting: MiKTeX Configuration Utility 2.9.6811 (MiKTeX 2.9.6840 64-bit) 2018-10-05 02:18:22,677+0200 INFO initexmf - Operating on the shared (system-wide) MiKTeX setup 2018-10-05 02:18:22,677+0200 INFO initexmf - starting with command line: initexmf --register-shell-file-types --admin --log-file=C:\Programme\MiKTeX_2.9\miktex/config\uninst.log --disable-installer --verbose 2018-10-05 02:18:22,724+0200 INFO initexmf - finishing with exit code 0 2018-10-05 02:18:23,096+0200 INFO initexmf - starting: MiKTeX Configuration Utility 2.9.6811 (MiKTeX 2.9.6840 64-bit) 2018-10-05 02:18:23,096+0200 INFO initexmf - Operating on the shared (system-wide) MiKTeX setup 2018-10-05 02:18:23,096+0200 INFO initexmf - starting with command line: initexmf --modify-path --admin --log-file=C:\Programme\MiKTeX_2.9\miktex/config\uninst.log --disable-installer --verbose 2018-10-05 02:18:23,269+0200 INFO initexmf - finishing with exit code 0 2018-10-05 02:18:23,597+0200 INFO initexmf - starting: MiKTeX Configuration Utility 2.9.6811 (MiKTeX 2.9.6840 64-bit) 2018-10-05 02:18:23,597+0200 INFO initexmf - Operating on the shared (system-wide) MiKTeX setup 2018-10-05 02:18:23,597+0200 INFO initexmf - starting with command line: initexmf --report --admin --log-file=C:\Programme\MiKTeX_2.9\miktex/config\uninst.log --disable-installer --verbose 2018-10-05 02:18:31,263+0200 INFO initexmf - finishing with exit code 0 2018-10-05 09:03:58,226+0200 INFO initexmf - starting: MiKTeX Configuration Utility 2.9.6811 (MiKTeX 2.9.6840 64-bit) 2018-10-05 09:03:58,226+0200 INFO initexmf - Operating on the shared (system-wide) MiKTeX setup 2018-10-05 09:03:58,226+0200 INFO initexmf - starting with command line: initexmf --admin --dump=pdflatex 2018-10-05 09:03:58,241+0200 INFO initexmf - running: miktex-makefmt.exe --engine=pdftex --dest-name=pdflatex --no-dump pdflatex.ini --engine-option=-tcx=cp227.tcx --admin --enable-installer 2018-10-05 09:03:59,101+0200 ERROR initexmf - sub-process error output has been saved to 'C:\ProgramData\MiKTeX\2.9\miktex\log\miktex-makefmt_2018-10-05-090359.out' 2018-10-05 09:03:59,101+0200 FATAL initexmf - The executed process did not succeed. 2018-10-05 09:03:59,101+0200 FATAL initexmf - Info: fileName="C:\Programme\MiKTeX_2.9\miktex\bin\x64\miktex-makefmt.exe", exitCode="1" 2018-10-05 09:03:59,101+0200 FATAL initexmf - Source: 2018-10-05 09:03:59,101+0200 FATAL initexmf - Line: 0 

This is miktex-pdftex.log:

2018-10-05 02:33:07,207+0200 INFO miktex-pdftex - finishing with exit code 1 2018-10-05 02:34:14,811+0200 INFO miktex-pdftex - starting with command line: miktex-pdftex.exe --miktex-enable-installer --initialize --interaction=nonstopmode --halt-on-error --alias=pdflatex --job-name=pdflatex -tcx=cp227.tcx --enable-etex pdflatex.ini 2018-10-05 02:34:14,821+0200 INFO miktex-pdftex - allowing known shell commands 2018-10-05 02:34:14,822+0200 INFO miktex-pdftex - enabling input (output) from (to) processes 2018-10-05 02:34:14,871+0200 FATAL miktex-pdftex - Windows API error 5: Zugriff verweigert 2018-10-05 02:34:14,871+0200 FATAL miktex-pdftex - Info: path="C:\Programme\MiKTeX_2.9\tex\latex\00miktex\pdflatex.ini" 2018-10-05 02:34:14,871+0200 FATAL miktex-pdftex - Source: Libraries\MiKTeX\Core\PathName\PathName.cpp 2018-10-05 02:34:14,871+0200 FATAL miktex-pdftex - Line: 156 2018-10-05 02:34:14,871+0200 INFO miktex-pdftex - finishing with exit code 1 2018-10-05 02:36:59,571+0200 INFO miktex-pdftex - starting with command line: miktex-pdftex.exe --miktex-enable-installer --initialize --interaction=nonstopmode --halt-on-error --alias=pdflatex --job-name=pdflatex -tcx=cp227.tcx --enable-etex pdflatex.ini 2018-10-05 02:36:59,596+0200 INFO miktex-pdftex - allowing known shell commands 2018-10-05 02:36:59,597+0200 INFO miktex-pdftex - enabling input (output) from (to) processes 2018-10-05 02:36:59,665+0200 FATAL miktex-pdftex - Windows API error 5: Zugriff verweigert 2018-10-05 02:36:59,665+0200 FATAL miktex-pdftex - Info: path="C:\Programme\MiKTeX_2.9\tex\latex\00miktex\pdflatex.ini" 2018-10-05 02:36:59,665+0200 FATAL miktex-pdftex - Source: Libraries\MiKTeX\Core\PathName\PathName.cpp 2018-10-05 02:36:59,665+0200 FATAL miktex-pdftex - Line: 156 2018-10-05 02:36:59,666+0200 INFO miktex-pdftex - finishing with exit code 1 

This is miktex-makefmt.log:

2018-10-05 02:19:49,033+0200 INFO miktex-makefmt - starting with command line: miktex-makefmt.exe --engine=pdftex --dest-name=pdflatex --no-dump pdflatex.ini --engine-option=-tcx=cp227.tcx --enable-installer 2018-10-05 02:19:49,047+0200 INFO makefmt - found input file: C:\Programme\MiKTeX_2.9\tex\latex\00miktex\pdflatex.ini 2018-10-05 02:19:49,047+0200 INFO makefmt - Creating the pdflatex format file... 2018-10-05 02:19:49,078+0200 INFO makefmt - Running miktex-pdftex.exe... 2018-10-05 02:19:49,079+0200 INFO makefmt - running: miktex-pdftex.exe --miktex-enable-installer --initialize --interaction=nonstopmode --halt-on-error --alias=pdflatex --job-name=pdflatex -tcx=cp227.tcx --enable-etex pdflatex.ini 2018-10-05 02:19:49,657+0200 FATAL miktex-makefmt - miktex-pdftex.exe failed on pdflatex.ini. 2018-10-05 02:19:49,657+0200 FATAL miktex-makefmt - miktex-pdftex.exe failed on pdflatex.ini. 2018-10-05 02:19:49,657+0200 FATAL miktex-makefmt - Info: 2018-10-05 02:19:49,657+0200 FATAL miktex-makefmt - Source: 2018-10-05 02:19:49,657+0200 FATAL miktex-makefmt - Line: 0 2018-10-05 02:33:06,845+0200 INFO miktex-makefmt - starting with command line: miktex-makefmt.exe --engine=pdftex --dest-name=pdflatex --no-dump pdflatex.ini --engine-option=-tcx=cp227.tcx --enable-installer 2018-10-05 02:33:06,846+0200 WARN miktex-makefmt - running with administrator privileges 2018-10-05 02:33:06,858+0200 INFO makefmt - found input file: C:\Programme\MiKTeX_2.9\tex\latex\00miktex\pdflatex.ini 2018-10-05 02:33:06,860+0200 INFO makefmt - Creating the pdflatex format file... 2018-10-05 02:33:06,870+0200 INFO makefmt - Running miktex-pdftex.exe... 2018-10-05 02:33:06,871+0200 INFO makefmt - running: miktex-pdftex.exe --miktex-enable-installer --initialize --interaction=nonstopmode --halt-on-error --alias=pdflatex --job-name=pdflatex -tcx=cp227.tcx --enable-etex pdflatex.ini 2018-10-05 02:33:07,249+0200 FATAL miktex-makefmt - miktex-pdftex.exe failed on pdflatex.ini. 2018-10-05 02:33:07,249+0200 FATAL miktex-makefmt - miktex-pdftex.exe failed on pdflatex.ini. 2018-10-05 02:33:07,249+0200 FATAL miktex-makefmt - Info: 2018-10-05 02:33:07,249+0200 FATAL miktex-makefmt - Source: 2018-10-05 02:33:07,249+0200 FATAL miktex-makefmt - Line: 0 2018-10-05 02:34:14,497+0200 INFO miktex-makefmt - starting with command line: miktex-makefmt.exe --engine=pdftex --dest-name=pdflatex --no-dump pdflatex.ini --engine-option=-tcx=cp227.tcx --enable-installer 2018-10-05 02:34:14,497+0200 INFO makefmt - found input file: C:\Programme\MiKTeX_2.9\tex\latex\00miktex\pdflatex.ini 2018-10-05 02:34:14,514+0200 INFO makefmt - Creating the pdflatex format file... 2018-10-05 02:34:14,525+0200 INFO makefmt - Running miktex-pdftex.exe... 2018-10-05 02:34:14,525+0200 INFO makefmt - running: miktex-pdftex.exe --miktex-enable-installer --initialize --interaction=nonstopmode --halt-on-error --alias=pdflatex --job-name=pdflatex -tcx=cp227.tcx --enable-etex pdflatex.ini 2018-10-05 02:34:14,920+0200 FATAL miktex-makefmt - miktex-pdftex.exe failed on pdflatex.ini. 2018-10-05 02:34:14,920+0200 FATAL miktex-makefmt - miktex-pdftex.exe failed on pdflatex.ini. 2018-10-05 02:34:14,920+0200 FATAL miktex-makefmt - Info: 2018-10-05 02:34:14,920+0200 FATAL miktex-makefmt - Source: 2018-10-05 02:34:14,920+0200 FATAL miktex-makefmt - Line: 0 2018-10-05 02:36:59,236+0200 INFO miktex-makefmt - starting with command line: miktex-makefmt.exe --engine=pdftex --dest-name=pdflatex --no-dump pdflatex.ini --engine-option=-tcx=cp227.tcx --enable-installer 2018-10-05 02:36:59,259+0200 INFO makefmt - found input file: C:\Programme\MiKTeX_2.9\tex\latex\00miktex\pdflatex.ini 2018-10-05 02:36:59,260+0200 INFO makefmt - Creating the pdflatex format file... 2018-10-05 02:36:59,280+0200 INFO makefmt - Running miktex-pdftex.exe... 2018-10-05 02:36:59,280+0200 INFO makefmt - running: miktex-pdftex.exe --miktex-enable-installer --initialize --interaction=nonstopmode --halt-on-error --alias=pdflatex --job-name=pdflatex -tcx=cp227.tcx --enable-etex pdflatex.ini 2018-10-05 02:36:59,714+0200 FATAL miktex-makefmt - miktex-pdftex.exe failed on pdflatex.ini. 2018-10-05 02:36:59,714+0200 FATAL miktex-makefmt - miktex-pdftex.exe failed on pdflatex.ini. 2018-10-05 02:36:59,714+0200 FATAL miktex-makefmt - Info: 2018-10-05 02:36:59,714+0200 FATAL miktex-makefmt - Source: 2018-10-05 02:36:59,714+0200 FATAL miktex-makefmt - Line: 0