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Marcel's answer resolved the original question. I have noted followup questions under my original question (which ends with the code block following the sentence "Here's my code so far:")

Marcel's answer resolved the original question. I have added followup questions from his answer under my original question. Followup questions begin with a similar block quote as this stating "Followup questions begin here:"

\documentclass[notitlepage,letterpaper]{article} %\usepackage{lua-visual-debug} \usepackage[absolute]{textpos} \usepackage[letterpaper,left=0in,right=0in,top=1in,bottom=1in]{geometry} \usepackage[expansion=alltext,shrink=20,stretch=20]{microtype} \usepackage{fontspec} \usepackage{blindtext} \setmainfont{Verdana} \directlua{ function my_post_lb_filter(head,groupcode) local HLIST = node.id("hlist") % node.id for a line of text in vertical list for n in node.traverse(head) do % For every subnode within node head if n.id==HLIST then % If its a line of text local savepos = node.new("whatsit","save_pos") n.head = node.insert_after(n.head,node.tail(node.list),savepos) end end return head end luatexbase.add_to_callback('post_linebreak_filter', my_post_lb_filter, 'Play with luatex node library') } \begin{document} \raggedright \newbox\myoddvbox \newbox\myoddvboxsplit \global\setbox\myoddvbox=\vbox{{\hsize=2in \blindtext[1]\endgraf}}% \setbox\myoddvboxsplit=\vsplit\myoddvbox to 4cm \begin{textblock*}{0.5\linewidth}[0,0](2in,2in) \begin{minipage}[t][1cm][t]{0.5\linewidth}% \box\myoddvboxsplit% \end{minipage} \end{textblock*} \begin{textblock*}{0.5\linewidth}[0,0](5in,2in) \begin{minipage}[t][1cm][t]{0.5\linewidth}% \box\myoddvbox% \end{minipage} \end{textblock*} \null \newpage % replace following line with a iterate function to print all the positions from lastpage \the\lastxpos, \the\lastypos. \end{document} 

\documentclass[notitlepage,letterpaper]{article} %\usepackage{lua-visual-debug} \usepackage[absolute]{textpos} \usepackage[letterpaper,left=0in,right=0in,top=1in,bottom=1in]{geometry} \usepackage[expansion=alltext,shrink=20,stretch=20]{microtype} \usepackage{fontspec} \usepackage{blindtext} %\setmainfont{Verdana} % Commented this as standard linux installs do not come with Verdana, check Marcel's comment to this question. \directlua{ function my_post_lb_filter(head,groupcode) local HLIST = node.id("hlist") % node.id for a line of text in vertical list for n in node.traverse(head) do % For every subnode within node head if n.id==HLIST then % If its a line of text local savepos = node.new("whatsit","save_pos") n.head = node.insert_after(n.head,node.tail(node.list),savepos) end end return head end luatexbase.add_to_callback('post_linebreak_filter', my_post_lb_filter, 'Play with luatex node library') } \begin{document} \raggedright \newbox\myoddvbox \newbox\myoddvboxsplit \global\setbox\myoddvbox=\vbox{{\hsize=2in \blindtext[1]\endgraf}}% \setbox\myoddvboxsplit=\vsplit\myoddvbox to 4cm \begin{textblock*}{0.5\linewidth}[0,0](2in,2in) \begin{minipage}[t][1cm][t]{0.5\linewidth}% \box\myoddvboxsplit% \end{minipage} \end{textblock*} \begin{textblock*}{0.5\linewidth}[0,0](5in,2in) \begin{minipage}[t][1cm][t]{0.5\linewidth}% \box\myoddvbox% \end{minipage} \end{textblock*} \null \newpage % replace following line with a iterate function to print all the positions from lastpage \the\lastxpos, \the\lastypos. \end{document} 

Follow questions begin here:

1. What is the sequence of execution of late_lua nodes? Is it a FIFO model?
2. What is the nature of data that can be acted on? Can we access and late process hlist node (for instance insert_to) from a latelua function? Or is it too late for that? What is the life of a hlist node anyway, is it freed after a page is shipped out?
3. Can we pass arguments to a late_lua function? I tried passing arguments to the function savepos.data = savepos_func("hello"), and the lua segfaults.
4. luatex manual says the type of data field of late_lua node can be either string or function. When would one assign a string to a late_lua node? I tried assigning a lua string savepos.data = "hello world", and it gave a error during shipout [\latelua]:1: syntax error near 'world'.
5. What is the scope of code that goes in directlua? I tried to print the size of table position_array using \AtBeginShipout of package \usepackage{atbegshi}, and it prints nil on terminal (code is simple print(tostring(table.getn(position_array))) in a \directlua macro). If I remove local from the declaration local position_array = {}, then it prints the correct value of the array (while processing next page).

Followup questions begin here:

1. What is the sequence of execution of late_lua nodes? Is it a FIFO model?
2. What is the nature of data that can be acted on? Can we access and late process hlist node (for instance insert_to) from a latelua function? Or is it too late for that? What is the life of a hlist node anyway, is it freed after a page is shipped out?
3. Can we pass arguments to a late_lua function? I tried passing arguments to the function savepos.data = savepos_func("hello"), and the lua segfaults.
4. luatex manual says the type of data field of late_lua node can be either string or function. When would one assign a string to a late_lua node's data field? I tried assigning a lua string savepos.data = "hello world", and it gave a error during shipout [\latelua]:1: syntax error near 'world'.
5. What is the scope of code that goes in directlua? I tried to print the size of table position_array using \AtBeginShipout of package \usepackage{atbegshi}, and it prints nil on terminal (code is simple print(tostring(table.getn(position_array))) in a \directlua macro). If I remove local from the declaration local position_array = {}, then it prints the correct value of the array (while processing next page).