The solution I found is in two parts: \usepackage[labelfont = {sc}]{caption} capitalizes the label. \Crefformat{figure}{#2{}\scshape{Figure} #1{}#3} and \Crefformat{table}{#2{}\scshape{Table} #1{}#3} the reference. Of course, if you want the same behaviour for equations, sections etc. these have to be added.
Explanation of the arguments of \Crefformat from the documentation on ctan:
It should contain three arguments, #1, #2 and #3. The first argument is the formatted version of the label counter (e.g. \theequation). The other two are used to mark the beginning and end of the part of the cross-reference that forms the hyperlink when the hyperref package is used, and must appear in that order.
\documentclass{article} \usepackage[labelfont = {sc}]{caption} \usepackage[capitalise]{cleveref} \Crefformat{figure}{#2{}\scshape{Figure} #1{}#3} \Crefformat{table}{#2{}\scshape{Table} #1{}#3} \begin{document} \begin{table} \begin{tabular}{lr} \hline 0 & 1\\ 1 & 0\\ \hline \end{tabular} \caption{A table} \label{tab:example} \end{table} Here is a reference: \cref{tab:example}. \end{document}
captionpackage:\usepackage[labelfont = {sc}]{caption}cref, the output of\cref{tab:example}looks likeTable 1. There, I want the wordTableto be in small caps.\Crefformat{figure}{#2{}\scshape{Figure} #1{}#3}and\Crefformat{table}{#2{}\scshape{Table} #1{}#3}to the preamble seems to work.